Chapter 7
Once they have been processed through the citric acid cycle, the acetyl-CoA molecules from a single glucose molecule will produce...
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 4 CO2
T or F: Oxidization is the gaining of electrons
False
T or F: by the time pyruvate is formed most of the energy contained glucose has been released
False
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids does not produce
ATP
During the citric acid cycle
ATP is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation.
"Coupling" is made possible by
ATP synthase
What does occur during third phase of Glycosis
ATP synthesis Pyruvate production The transfer of high-energy electrons to NAD+
Glycosis is Aerobic or Anaerobic
Anaerobic
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
Bacteria and animals
The breakdown of fatty acids takes place via a process called
Beta-oxidization
Cellular respiration is a series of _____ reactions.
Catabolic
The second phase of Glycosis
Cleaves a phosphorylated sugar molecule and rearranges the products.
T or F: In a plant cell, all stages of cellular respiration are carried out in the cytoplasm.
False
Phosphorylation glucose during phase 1 of Glycosis
Destabilizes the glucose molecule so that it can be broken down in stage 2
At what phase of Glycosis is NADH formed.
During phase 3, when glyceralhyde 3- phosphate is phosphorylated.
In the first three stages of cellular respiration, the chemical energy in glucose is transferred to
Electron carriers and ATP
The proteins of the electron transport chain are:
Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
The first phase of Glycosis requires the input of two ATP molecules. It is therefore:
Endergonic
The majority of energy generated in the citric acid cycle is in the form of:
Energy electrons donated to NAD+ and FADH
T or F: By the time pyruvate is for most of the energy contained in glucose has been released
False
T or F: Oxidization is the gain of electrons
False
In cellular respiration, oxygen
Gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent.
Excess glucose is stored in large branch molecules of
Glycogen in molecules
Protons have a high concentration in the _____ and a low concentration in the ______
Inter membrane space; mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl-CoA synthesis is an important step in cellular respiration because
It links Glycosis with aerobic respiration.
A reducing agent
Loses electrons
In eukaryotes acetyl-CoA synthesis takes place in the______
Mitochondrial Matrix
Citric acid cycle takes place in the _________
Mitochondrial matrix
In eukaryotes, acetyl-CoA synthesis takes place in the
Mitochondrial matrix
In what organelle is acetyl-CoA synthesis carried out in a cell
Mitochondrion
The inputs to glycolysis do not include
NADH
The citric acid cycle is a cycle because the starting molecule______ is regenerated at the end.
Oxaloacetate
The electron transport chain is part of
Oxidative phosphorylation.
During acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate is:
Oxidized
In cellular respiration, glucose is ____ to CO2 and oxygen is ____ to water.
Oxidized; Reduced
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is
Oxygen
In the 3rd phase of Glycosis _____ does not occur
Oxygen consumption.
During Fermentation, pyruvate is ________
Reduced
Fermentation occurs in
Some amoebic organisms, such as yeast, even in the presence of oxygen.
In Glycosis, ATP is synthesized via:
Substrate level phosphorylation
Fermentation takes place in
The cytoplasm
The chemical bonds of carbohydrates lipids have high potential energy because
The electrons are far away from the nuclei of the atoms
Which is the only reaction in the citric acid cycle that produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation
The formation of succinate
Coenzyme Q and cytochrome C
Transfer high-energy electrons between protein complexes of the electron transport chain.
At the end of Glycosis, the carbon molecules originally found in the starting glucose molecule are in the form of
Two pyruvate molecules