Anatomy Ch 5
nodule
acne lesion similar to pustule, but extending into the deeper skin layers
whitehead
acne lesion that is a closed comedo
blackhead
acne lesion that is an open comedo
cyanosis
airway obstruction, emphysema, or respiratory arrest; skin appears blue as a result of oxygen deficiency
18/7
anagen is the longest part of the growth cycle and lasts from about __ months to as much as _ years
exocytosis
apocrine and merocrine sweat glands produce their secretions by the process of __________
melanocytes phagocytosis
melanin is transferred in membrane bound vesicles from ___________ to keratinocytes in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum via ____________ or exocytosis
stratum corneum
nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the _______ _______ layer of the epidermis
skin accessories
nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
subcutaneous layer
not considered part of the integument
subcutaneous
women accumulate ___________ fat in the breasts, buttocks, hips, and thighs
hair stiffness
____ ________ is the result of 2 primary factors: the hardness of intercellular cements surrounding the cortex and intracellular cements within the cells of the cortex
pilus
a single hair
vellus
at puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the axillary and pubic regions of the body
first degree
burns that involve only the epidermis and are characterized by redness, pain, and slight edema (swelling)
papillary layer
composed of areolar connective tissue, contains dermal papillae
pallor
decreased blood flow to the skin; skin appears ashen, pale due to white collagen fibers housed within the dermis
reticular layer
dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
kinds of hair
determinant, indeterminant, terminal
jaundice
elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood; skin and sclera (whites of eyes) appear yellow
phagocytosis
epidermal dendritic cells have the capability to destroy pathogens by the process of ____________
erythema
exercise, snburn, excess heat, emotions (anger or embarrassment) resulting in increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels in the dermis; skin appears abnormally red
thick
friction ridges assume the shapes of complex arches and whorls in _____ skin
heat retention
function of blanket of thick hair on scalp
visual identification
function of color and density of hairs of scalp
sensory reception
function of hair root plexuses
facial expression
function of hairs of eyebrows
chemical signal dispersal
function of pheromones on hairs
protection
function of scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury
temperature regulation
function of skin influenced by vast capillary networks and sweat glands in the dermis
bronzing
glucocorticoid hormone deficiency in the adrenal cortex; addison disease; skin appears golden-brown, copper, or bronze in color
epidermal dendritic
immune cells found in the epidermis are called ________ _________ cells.
blood vessels
in nails, the lunula apears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying _____ ______
second
in the ______ step of wound healing, a blot clot temporarily patches the edges of the would together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body
involution
in the catagen phase, the follicle undergoes ________ and shrinks toward the scalp surface
insensible
invisible perspiration produced by sweat glands
4
keratinocytes of epidermis are usually present for about _ weeks
albinism
lack of melanin production; hair is white, skin is pale, irises of eyes are pink
collagen dermis
lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of ________ fiber bundles in the ______
merocrine
major functions of this sweat gland are protection, secretion, and thermoregulation
hormones
male pattern baldness is caused by a combination of genetics and ________
cholecalciferol
many cells in the epidermis produce _______________ when exposed to uv radiation
keratin
protein that provides the epidermis with its water resistance
sebum
sebaceous glands secrete
sweat ducts
secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ____ _____
apocrine
secretion produced by ________ sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of proteins and lipids
hair follicles
secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ____ _________
striae
stretch marks
first
the _____ step of wound healing: cut blood vessels release blood into the wound
nodule
the acne lesion that can be prone to scarring
papule
the acne lesion that is a dome shaped lesion filled with a mixture of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria
cyst
the acne lesion that is a fluid filled nodule that can become severely inflamed and painful, and can lead to scarring
comedo
the acne lesion that is a sebaceous glands ducts plugged with sebum
anagen
the active growing phase of the hair growth cycle is called the ______ phase
catagen
the cell division ceases in the hair growth process during the _______ phase
keratin
the cells that form the nails are densely packed and filled with parallel fibers of hard _______ protein
reticular subcutaneous
the connective tissue fibers of the _________ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ___________ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues
vasodilate
the dermal blood vessels expand so more blood can travel close to the surface to cool down the body
vasoconstriction
the diameters of the vessels lessen so relatively less blood can travel through them
internal external
the epithelial tissue root sheath is composed of two parts: an ________ root sheath and an ________ root sheath
anucleate
the exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _________, keratinized cells
collagen
the predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ________
telogen
the resting phase of the hair growth cycle is the _______ phase; lasts 3-4 months
sebaceous sweat
the skin houses 2 types of general exocrine glands: ________ glands and _____ glands
avascular
the term for lack of blood vessels
granulation tissue
the vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ___________ ______
lunula
the whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body
cortex cuticle medulla
there are 2 distinct regions in a hair shaft: the ______ and _______. Some hair shafts contain an additional region called the _______
lucidum and corneum
thick skin layers of epidermis with dead keratinocytes
400-600
thick skin ranges between _______ micrometers thick
alopecia
thinning of the hair on the scalp
male pattern baldness
type of hair loss in which hair is first lost mainly from the crown region of the scalp
diffuse
type of hair loss in which hair is shed from multiple parts of the scalp
sensible
visible perspiration produced by sweat glands
collagen
when skin is stretched beyond its capacity, some ________ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks
2-4
Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ___ weeks, and slight scarring may occur