Anatomy Ch 5

nodule

acne lesion similar to pustule, but extending into the deeper skin layers

whitehead

acne lesion that is a closed comedo

blackhead

acne lesion that is an open comedo

cyanosis

airway obstruction, emphysema, or respiratory arrest; skin appears blue as a result of oxygen deficiency

18/7

anagen is the longest part of the growth cycle and lasts from about __ months to as much as _ years

exocytosis

apocrine and merocrine sweat glands produce their secretions by the process of __________

melanocytes phagocytosis

melanin is transferred in membrane bound vesicles from ___________ to keratinocytes in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum via ____________ or exocytosis

stratum corneum

nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the _______ _______ layer of the epidermis

skin accessories

nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

subcutaneous layer

not considered part of the integument

subcutaneous

women accumulate ___________ fat in the breasts, buttocks, hips, and thighs

hair stiffness

____ ________ is the result of 2 primary factors: the hardness of intercellular cements surrounding the cortex and intracellular cements within the cells of the cortex

pilus

a single hair

vellus

at puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the axillary and pubic regions of the body

first degree

burns that involve only the epidermis and are characterized by redness, pain, and slight edema (swelling)

papillary layer

composed of areolar connective tissue, contains dermal papillae

pallor

decreased blood flow to the skin; skin appears ashen, pale due to white collagen fibers housed within the dermis

reticular layer

dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

kinds of hair

determinant, indeterminant, terminal

jaundice

elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood; skin and sclera (whites of eyes) appear yellow

phagocytosis

epidermal dendritic cells have the capability to destroy pathogens by the process of ____________

erythema

exercise, snburn, excess heat, emotions (anger or embarrassment) resulting in increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels in the dermis; skin appears abnormally red

thick

friction ridges assume the shapes of complex arches and whorls in _____ skin

heat retention

function of blanket of thick hair on scalp

visual identification

function of color and density of hairs of scalp

sensory reception

function of hair root plexuses

facial expression

function of hairs of eyebrows

chemical signal dispersal

function of pheromones on hairs

protection

function of scalp hair covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury

temperature regulation

function of skin influenced by vast capillary networks and sweat glands in the dermis

bronzing

glucocorticoid hormone deficiency in the adrenal cortex; addison disease; skin appears golden-brown, copper, or bronze in color

epidermal dendritic

immune cells found in the epidermis are called ________ _________ cells.

blood vessels

in nails, the lunula apears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying _____ ______

second

in the ______ step of wound healing, a blot clot temporarily patches the edges of the would together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens into the body

involution

in the catagen phase, the follicle undergoes ________ and shrinks toward the scalp surface

insensible

invisible perspiration produced by sweat glands

4

keratinocytes of epidermis are usually present for about _ weeks

albinism

lack of melanin production; hair is white, skin is pale, irises of eyes are pink

collagen dermis

lines of cleavage (or tension lines) in the skin identify the predominant orientation of ________ fiber bundles in the ______

merocrine

major functions of this sweat gland are protection, secretion, and thermoregulation

hormones

male pattern baldness is caused by a combination of genetics and ________

cholecalciferol

many cells in the epidermis produce _______________ when exposed to uv radiation

keratin

protein that provides the epidermis with its water resistance

sebum

sebaceous glands secrete

sweat ducts

secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ____ _____

apocrine

secretion produced by ________ sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of proteins and lipids

hair follicles

secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ____ _________

striae

stretch marks

first

the _____ step of wound healing: cut blood vessels release blood into the wound

nodule

the acne lesion that can be prone to scarring

papule

the acne lesion that is a dome shaped lesion filled with a mixture of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria

cyst

the acne lesion that is a fluid filled nodule that can become severely inflamed and painful, and can lead to scarring

comedo

the acne lesion that is a sebaceous glands ducts plugged with sebum

anagen

the active growing phase of the hair growth cycle is called the ______ phase

catagen

the cell division ceases in the hair growth process during the _______ phase

keratin

the cells that form the nails are densely packed and filled with parallel fibers of hard _______ protein

reticular subcutaneous

the connective tissue fibers of the _________ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ___________ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues

vasodilate

the dermal blood vessels expand so more blood can travel close to the surface to cool down the body

vasoconstriction

the diameters of the vessels lessen so relatively less blood can travel through them

internal external

the epithelial tissue root sheath is composed of two parts: an ________ root sheath and an ________ root sheath

anucleate

the exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _________, keratinized cells

collagen

the predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ________

telogen

the resting phase of the hair growth cycle is the _______ phase; lasts 3-4 months

sebaceous sweat

the skin houses 2 types of general exocrine glands: ________ glands and _____ glands

avascular

the term for lack of blood vessels

granulation tissue

the vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ___________ ______

lunula

the whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body

cortex cuticle medulla

there are 2 distinct regions in a hair shaft: the ______ and _______. Some hair shafts contain an additional region called the _______

lucidum and corneum

thick skin layers of epidermis with dead keratinocytes

400-600

thick skin ranges between _______ micrometers thick

alopecia

thinning of the hair on the scalp

male pattern baldness

type of hair loss in which hair is first lost mainly from the crown region of the scalp

diffuse

type of hair loss in which hair is shed from multiple parts of the scalp

sensible

visible perspiration produced by sweat glands

collagen

when skin is stretched beyond its capacity, some ________ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks

2-4

Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ___ weeks, and slight scarring may occur