Anatomy ch. 9- brain
According to the level they are from and are numbered in sequence starting with those in the cervical region
How are spinal nerves grouped?
Decreased activity results in sleep; increased activity results in wakefullness
How does activity in the reticular formation affect sleep?
Through emotional influences
How does the limbic system and cerebral cortex alter reactions of the autonomic nervous system?
It generates unpleasant or pleasant feelings about experiences
How does the limbic system enhance the chance of survival?
Under normal conditions
How does the parasympathetic division operate?
Under conditions of stress or emergency
How does the sympathetic division operate?
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
How is the autonomic nervous system divided?
12 that arise from the underside of the brain
How many cranial nerves are there?
31
How many spinal nerves are there?
Speech, writing, and reading
What activities are dominant in left brained people?
-cerebrum -diencephalon -cerebellum -brain stem
What are the 4 parts of the brain?
Provides higher brain functions -interpreting sensory input -muscle movement -memory -integrating information for reasoning
What are the functions of the cerebrum?
-cerebrum: higher mental functions -diencephalon: processes sensory input -cerebellum: coordinates muscular activity -brain stem: coordinates visceral activities
What are the functions of the parts of the brain?
-Frontal -Parietal -Temporal -Occipital
What are the parts (lobes) of the cerebrum?
-midbrain -pons -medulla oblongata -reticular formation
What are the parts of the brain stem?
The reflex centers in the brain and spinal cord
What controls the autonomic nervous system?
-analyze and interpret sensory impulses -function in reasoning, judgment, emotions, verbalizing ideas, storing memory -controls higher intellectual processes
What do association areas of the brain do?
Interpret sensory input, producing feelings or sensations
What do sensory areas do?
Coordinates muscular activity to make speech possible
What does Broca's area control?
Two cerebral hemispheres
What does the cerebrum consist of?
The thalamus and hypothalamus
What does the diencephalon contain?
Nonverbal functions and control emotions and intuitive thinking
What does the non dominant hemisphere in the brain specialize in?
Cranial and spinal nerves that arise from the cns and go to the rest of the body
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
auditory and visual reflexes
What if the function of the midbrain?
Oversees voluntary activities and the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary activities
What is the function of the PNS?
Maintaining homeostasis of activities without conscious effort
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
Integrates sensory information about the position of body parts and coordinates skeletal muscles and maintain posture
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Motor functions
What is the function of the frontal lobes?
Maintaining homeostasis
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Transmits all ascending and descending impulses between the brain and spinal cord
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
regulate breathing
What is the function of the pons?
Controls sleep
What is the function of the reticular formation?
Controls emotional experience and expression
What is the limbic system's function?
messenger and editor of sensory info from other parts of the nervous system
What is the thalamus' function?
Sensory areas
What lies within the occipital lobe?
Right hemisphere
What side of the brain controls the left side of the body?
Left hemisphere
What side of the brain controls the right side of the body?
The lower spinal cord and lead to the lower abdomen, external genitalia, buttocks, and legs
Where are the lumbrosacral plexuses?
The lower cervical and upper thoracic nerves and lead to the upper limbs
Where do the brachial plexuses lie?
On either side of the neck and supply muscles and skin of muscle
Where do the cervical plexuses lie?
