Anatomy chapter 1 mastering a&p Gsu

Identify the acromial region.

A

What is present when more of something exists in one area than another and the two areas are connected?

A gradient

What principle drives blood flow from a higher pressure in the arteries to a lower pressure in the capillaries?

A gradient

What characteristic of life involves the removal of waste products that result from metabolic processes?

Excretion

In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face __________.

Forward

Which division of microscopic anatomy studies the tissue level of organization?

Histology

Which serous membrane covers some abdominal organs?

Peritoneum

___________ is the regional term that means sole of the foot.

Plantar

Which feedback loop is responsible for the magnification of uterine contractions during childbirth?

Positive

What is the descriptive term used when abdominal organs are not located within the peritoneal cavity?

Retroperitoneal

The main serous membranes of the body include all of the following except:

Retroperitoneal membranes

What lubricates organs and reduces friction as organs move against adjacent structures?

Serous fluid

Which organ system produces blood cells, protects internal organs, and stores calcium salts?

Skeletal system

Which sequence is the correct pathway of a negative feedback loop?

Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response

How does the effector restore homeostasis in a negative feedback loop?

The effector opposes the initial stimulus and shuts off when conditions return to the normal range.

The thoracic cavity is situated superior to the abdominopelvic cavity and separated by the diaphragm. Therefore, the diaphragm creates what type of plane?

Transverse (horizontal) plane

What serous membrane directly contacts and surrounds the liver?

Visceral Peritoneum

A cell or organ that responds to the directions of the control center in a negative feedback loop is termed __________.

an effector

A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides, palms facing forward, is in the __________.

anatomical position

A neuron stimulating a muscle cell is an example of __________.

cell-cell communication

____________ are the smallest units that can carry out the functions of life.

cells

The neck is known as the _________ region.

cervical

What is the order of structural organization (from simplest to most complex)?

chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Physiology is to __________ as anatomy is to __________.

function; structure

In laboratory, you will study the overall structure and shape of the femur bone without the aid of a microscope. This is a study known as __________.

gross anatomy

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment is termed __________.

homeostasis

The type of feedback that increases or enhances the effects of the variable is __________.

positive

What cellular structure detects stimuli and sends information to the control center in a feedback loop?

receptor

The nose is _______ to the mouth.

superior

The innermost serous membrane attached to the heart muscle is called the __________.

visceral pericardium

Which directional term indicates the front side of the body?

Anterior (ventral)

Identify the axillary region.

B

Which of the following concepts is not a core principle of anatomy and physiology?

Characteristics of life

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the levels of structural organization of the human body from simplest to most complex

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level

What are the two major methods by which cells communicate to coordinate their functions?

Chemical messengers and electrical signals

Which of the following phrases best describes the directional term proximal?

Closer to the point of origin

What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Coronal

What are the two subcavities of the posterior body cavity?

Cranial and vertebral (spinal) cavities

When you go outside on a hot summer day, your body temperature heats up above the normal range. Receptors in your brain detect the change in body temperature. The brain activates nerve cells that send messages to sweat glands, causing the body temperature to fall as the sweat evaporates from the skin. What part of this feedback loop is the stimulus?

Increased body temperature

Identify the crural region.

Latter D

If your blood pressure is too high, what should homeostatic regulation do?

Lower your blood pressure back to the normal range.

What major organs are housed in the thoracic cavity?

Lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea

Which body system functions to return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system?

Lymphatic system

__________ feedback loops cause a change in a regulated variable in the opposite direction of the initial change.

Negative

Which of the following structural levels of organization is the most complex?

Organ level

What is a good way to manage time in preparation for your anatomy and physiology class?

make a schedule and budget my time

What body plane divides the body into equal right and left parts?

midsagittal plane

If a needle punctures the serous membranes around the lungs, the first layer that the needle will go through is the __________.

parietal pleura