Anatomy chapter 4 Review, Chapter 4 Anatomy
Hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands
Accessory structures
Dermis
lower layer of the skin
Carotene
orange to yellow pigment from some vegetables
Sweat Glands
produce sweat
Which of these describes the papillary layer of the skin?
Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.
Desmosomes
interlocking cellular bridges
Parietal layer
lines a portion of the wall of ventral body cavity
Hypodermis
anchors skin to underlying organs; composed mostly of adipose tissue
What is the least malignant, but most common kind of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
What type of skin cancer is relatively slow-growing and unlikely to metastasize?
basal cell carcinoma
What is a clear sign of a second-degree burn?
blisters
Keratinization
cells move to surface, lose water and nuclei change
Stratum Spinosum
fourth layer of epidermis; several layers of spiny-shaped cells
Sensation
function of skin that detects hold, cold, and pressure
Protection
function of skin that helps us fight off light, heat, water loss, foreign substances
Secretion
function of skin; sebum, sweat, Vitamin D
Excretion
function of skin; urea and uric acid
Reticular
innermost layer of dermis; blood vessels; sweat and oil glands; nerve receptors
Which of these effects of aging is accelerated by smoking and sun exposure?
loss of skin elasticity
Stratum Basale
lowermost layer of epidermis
Skin Cancer
most common type of cancer
Malignant Melanoma
most deadly of skin cancers
What type of epithelial membrane has variable types of epithelium depending on where it is located?
mucous membrane
First-Degree Burn
only epidermis is damaged; skin is red and swollen
Papillary
outermost layer of dermis; pain receptors and touch receptors
Stratum Corneum
outermost layer of epidermis; dead, keratinized cells, barrier to light, heat, chemicals, microorganisms
Melanin
pigment produced by melanocytes; mostly in stratum basale; color is yellow to brown to black; amount depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight
What function of the skin is associated with keratin?
preventing water loss
Sebacceous Glands
produce Oil; lubricant for skin, kills bacteria
Hemoglobin
red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries; oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
Stratum Lucidum
second most outer layer of epidermis; one to two cell layers thick; flat and transparent; difficult to see; only present when stratum corneum is think
What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and lubricates the movement of organs within?
serous membrane
What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities?
serous membrane
Serous Fluid
serous membranes occur in pairs that are separated by this
Arrector Pili Muscle
smooth muscle; pulls hairs upright when cold or frightened
Which layer of the epidermis contains the greatest concentration of keratin?
stratum corneum
What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells?
stratum spinosum
Serous Membranes
surface is a layer of simple squamous epithelium
Stratum Granulsum
third layer of epidermis; flattened cells; active keratinization; lose nuclei; compact and brittle
Burns
tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
Benign
type of cancer that does not spread
Malignant
type of cancer that spreads to other parts of bidy
Synocial Membranes
type of connective tissue membranes
Basal cell carcinoma
type of skin cancer that is least malignant; most common type of skin cancer; arises from stratum basale
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
type of skin cancer that rises from stratum spinosum; metastasizes to lymph modes if not removed
Eccrine Gland
type of sweat gland that opens via duct to pore on skin surface
Apocrine
type of sweat gland where ducts open into hair follicles
Arelar connective tissue
underlying layer of the serous membrane
Epiderms
upper layer of the skin; stratified, squamous, keratinized, epithelium
Cutaneous, Mucous, Serous
3 types of epithelial membranes.
If a person has third-degree burns on both anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower limbs, what percentage is burned?
36%
Cutaneous Membrane
AKA Skin; large waterproof covering; UV light and chemical protection
Body membranes
Cover body surfaces; line body cavities; form protective sheets around organs
Second-Degree Burn
Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged skin is red with blisters
5
Epidermis is composed of these many layers
Which of these structures is located in the epidermis?
Merkel discs
Visceral layer
covers the outside of the organ
Which of these is found in the epidermis?
dendritic cell
Third-Degree Burn
destroys entire skin layer; burn is gray, white, or black
