Anatomy chapter 4 Review, Chapter 4 Anatomy

Hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands

Accessory structures

Dermis

lower layer of the skin

Carotene

orange to yellow pigment from some vegetables

Sweat Glands

produce sweat

Which of these describes the papillary layer of the skin?

Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.

Desmosomes

interlocking cellular bridges

Parietal layer

lines a portion of the wall of ventral body cavity

Hypodermis

anchors skin to underlying organs; composed mostly of adipose tissue

What is the least malignant, but most common kind of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

What type of skin cancer is relatively slow-growing and unlikely to metastasize?

basal cell carcinoma

What is a clear sign of a second-degree burn?

blisters

Keratinization

cells move to surface, lose water and nuclei change

Stratum Spinosum

fourth layer of epidermis; several layers of spiny-shaped cells

Sensation

function of skin that detects hold, cold, and pressure

Protection

function of skin that helps us fight off light, heat, water loss, foreign substances

Secretion

function of skin; sebum, sweat, Vitamin D

Excretion

function of skin; urea and uric acid

Reticular

innermost layer of dermis; blood vessels; sweat and oil glands; nerve receptors

Which of these effects of aging is accelerated by smoking and sun exposure?

loss of skin elasticity

Stratum Basale

lowermost layer of epidermis

Skin Cancer

most common type of cancer

Malignant Melanoma

most deadly of skin cancers

What type of epithelial membrane has variable types of epithelium depending on where it is located?

mucous membrane

First-Degree Burn

only epidermis is damaged; skin is red and swollen

Papillary

outermost layer of dermis; pain receptors and touch receptors

Stratum Corneum

outermost layer of epidermis; dead, keratinized cells, barrier to light, heat, chemicals, microorganisms

Melanin

pigment produced by melanocytes; mostly in stratum basale; color is yellow to brown to black; amount depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight

What function of the skin is associated with keratin?

preventing water loss

Sebacceous Glands

produce Oil; lubricant for skin, kills bacteria

Hemoglobin

red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries; oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

Stratum Lucidum

second most outer layer of epidermis; one to two cell layers thick; flat and transparent; difficult to see; only present when stratum corneum is think

What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and lubricates the movement of organs within?

serous membrane

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities?

serous membrane

Serous Fluid

serous membranes occur in pairs that are separated by this

Arrector Pili Muscle

smooth muscle; pulls hairs upright when cold or frightened

Which layer of the epidermis contains the greatest concentration of keratin?

stratum corneum

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells?

stratum spinosum

Serous Membranes

surface is a layer of simple squamous epithelium

Stratum Granulsum

third layer of epidermis; flattened cells; active keratinization; lose nuclei; compact and brittle

Burns

tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals

Benign

type of cancer that does not spread

Malignant

type of cancer that spreads to other parts of bidy

Synocial Membranes

type of connective tissue membranes

Basal cell carcinoma

type of skin cancer that is least malignant; most common type of skin cancer; arises from stratum basale

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

type of skin cancer that rises from stratum spinosum; metastasizes to lymph modes if not removed

Eccrine Gland

type of sweat gland that opens via duct to pore on skin surface

Apocrine

type of sweat gland where ducts open into hair follicles

Arelar connective tissue

underlying layer of the serous membrane

Epiderms

upper layer of the skin; stratified, squamous, keratinized, epithelium

Cutaneous, Mucous, Serous

3 types of epithelial membranes.

If a person has third-degree burns on both anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower limbs, what percentage is burned?

36%

Cutaneous Membrane

AKA Skin; large waterproof covering; UV light and chemical protection

Body membranes

Cover body surfaces; line body cavities; form protective sheets around organs

Second-Degree Burn

Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged skin is red with blisters

5

Epidermis is composed of these many layers

Which of these structures is located in the epidermis?

Merkel discs

Visceral layer

covers the outside of the organ

Which of these is found in the epidermis?

dendritic cell

Third-Degree Burn

destroys entire skin layer; burn is gray, white, or black