Anatomy Chapter 5 Review Questions
Order of Epidermal Layer (deep to superficial)
1. Stratum Basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidum 5. Stratum Corneum
Thin Skin Location
All other locations in the body
Thick Skin Location
Palms of hands, soles of feet
Keratin
a durable, water-resistant protein found in skin, fingernails, and hair
The hair matrix contains _____.
a layer of basal cells
3 Phases of the Hair Cycle
anagen phase, catagen phase, telogen phase
Sebaceous glands _____.
are associated with hair follicles
Eccrine sweat glands _____.
are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat
Bedsores ________.
are preventable by eliminating pressure points
In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili _____.
are responsible for goose bumps
In general, skin cancers ________.
can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun
Epidermis
composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium
The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed of _____.
connective tissue
Papillary Layer
contains areolar tissue with blood vessels and nerves
Dermis
contains blood vessels and accessory structures
Reticular Layer
contains dense irregular connective tissue that binds skin to deeper layers of tissue
Hair Layers
cortex, medulla, cuticle
Epidermal Ridges
create whorls and contours of fignerprints
Stratum Basale
deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells
Merocrine sweat glands
discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of skin
An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his skin painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin?
epidermis and dermis
Three Layers of Skin
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (not actually apart of the skin, but close)
Sebaceous Glands
exocrine glands that secrete sebum (oil) into hair and skin
One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function?
folic acid synthesis
Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center?
hyponychium
After a skin injury, the body initiates a wound-healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response?
increased production of connective tissue
Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells?
keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria?
langerhans cells
Stratum Lucidum
layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits
Stratum Spinosum
layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes
Stratum Granulosum
layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum
Stratum Corneum
most superficial layer of the epidermis
Epidermis Layer
mostly made of dead squamous cells
An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed?
papillary dermis
Apocrine sweat glands
secreate an oily fluid that acts as a pheromone
Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis?
source of blood vessels in the epidermis
Thin Skin
statum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and statum corneum
The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis?
stratum basale
As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up-fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out?
stratum corneum
Thick Skin
stratum lucidum
Langerhans cells are commonly found in the _____.
stratum spinosum
Collagen lends _____ to the skin.
structure
Hypodermis
subcutaneous layer, which contains adipose tissue
In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for _____.
vitamin D synthesis