Anatomy Chapter 5 Review Questions

Order of Epidermal Layer (deep to superficial)

1. Stratum Basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidum 5. Stratum Corneum

Thin Skin Location

All other locations in the body

Thick Skin Location

Palms of hands, soles of feet

Keratin

a durable, water-resistant protein found in skin, fingernails, and hair

The hair matrix contains _____.

a layer of basal cells

3 Phases of the Hair Cycle

anagen phase, catagen phase, telogen phase

Sebaceous glands _____.

are associated with hair follicles

Eccrine sweat glands _____.

are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat

Bedsores ________.

are preventable by eliminating pressure points

In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili _____.

are responsible for goose bumps

In general, skin cancers ________.

can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun

Epidermis

composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed of _____.

connective tissue

Papillary Layer

contains areolar tissue with blood vessels and nerves

Dermis

contains blood vessels and accessory structures

Reticular Layer

contains dense irregular connective tissue that binds skin to deeper layers of tissue

Hair Layers

cortex, medulla, cuticle

Epidermal Ridges

create whorls and contours of fignerprints

Stratum Basale

deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

Merocrine sweat glands

discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of skin

An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his skin painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin?

epidermis and dermis

Three Layers of Skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (not actually apart of the skin, but close)

Sebaceous Glands

exocrine glands that secrete sebum (oil) into hair and skin

One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function?

folic acid synthesis

Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center?

hyponychium

After a skin injury, the body initiates a wound-healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response?

increased production of connective tissue

Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells?

keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria?

langerhans cells

Stratum Lucidum

layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits

Stratum Spinosum

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

Stratum Granulosum

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

Stratum Corneum

most superficial layer of the epidermis

Epidermis Layer

mostly made of dead squamous cells

An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed?

papillary dermis

Apocrine sweat glands

secreate an oily fluid that acts as a pheromone

Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis?

source of blood vessels in the epidermis

Thin Skin

statum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and statum corneum

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis?

stratum basale

As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up-fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out?

stratum corneum

Thick Skin

stratum lucidum

Langerhans cells are commonly found in the _____.

stratum spinosum

Collagen lends _____ to the skin.

structure

Hypodermis

subcutaneous layer, which contains adipose tissue

In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for _____.

vitamin D synthesis