EMT Chapter 3,4,5,6 exam

The suffix "_________" means disease.

-pathy

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min

There are a total of ____ lobes in the right and left lungs.

5

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.

6L

There are _____ cervical vertebrae

7

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.

70 to 80 mL

Which of the following patients has decision-making capacity and can legally refuse emergency medical treatment?

A conscious and alert woman with severe abdominal pain

You and your partner are attempting to resuscitate a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote geographic location, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do?

Follow locally established protocols or standing orders.

Which of the following has the weakest transmission signal and, as a result, is LEAST likely to be heard by the party being called?

Hand held portable radio.

___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.

Hydrostatic

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?

Kidney

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?

Maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

Pituitary

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

Prone

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

Which type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies?

Scanner

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?

Seesaw respirations

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

Sensory

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

Somatic nervous system

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

The Kidneys

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?

The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.

You are treating a man who was assaulted and has a closed head injury. The patient, who has slurred speech, becomes verbally abusive and tells you to leave him alone. You should:

proceed with treatment and utilize law enforcement for assistance if necessary.

To minimize the risk of litigation, the EMT should:

provide competent care that meets current standards.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

pulmonary veins

You are transporting to a 66-year-old patient with a history of heart problems. The patient chart indicates that he has hepatomegaly. The root of the term indicates that:

the problem is with the patient's liver.

The term "pericardiocentesis" means:

the removal of fluid from around the heart.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to which section of the spinal column?

thoracic

"Emesis" in the word "hyperemesis" means

to vomit

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:

tunica media

At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should:

use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch.

General guidelines for effective radio communications include all of the following, EXCEPT:

using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality.

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:

vascular constriction and tachycardia.

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment is called

ventilation

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because:

waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.

The carpal bones form the:

wrist

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

xiphoid process

The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes?

"peri-" and "circum-"

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

Alveoli

Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"?

"-al" and "-ic"

Your patient has had laryngitis for almost a week. It has progressed to the point that she has difficulty swallowing. What is the suffix pertaining to eating or swallowing?

"-phagia"

You are caring for a 52-year-old man who complains of chest discomfort. The patient is a retired paramedic and is very anxious because he thinks he is having a heart attack. Which of the following statements would be appropriate?

"It is possible that you are experiencing a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow."

Which of the following suffixes mean "two"?

"dipl-" and "bi-"

Shortly after you load your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. The patient is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?

A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts abandonment?

A paramedic transfers care to an EMT.

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

Which of the following situations requires you to notify the appropriate authorities?

Attempted suicide.

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?

Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.

"Chondro" in the word chondritis means:

Cartilage

Your patient was flying back home from Cuba when she developed a nose bleed and headache right behind the eyes. A physician ascertained that her previous head cold had left the patient with sinusitis. The root word "sinus" pertains to which of the following?

Cavity, channel, or hollow space

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?

Cerebellum

Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence?

Deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury.

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ____________ forearm.

Distal

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing chemicals that regulate body activities?

Endocrine

You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. Which type of consent is her agreement considered?

Expressed.

Which of the following are central pulses?

Femoral and carotid

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:

gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

Negative-pressure breathing involves:

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity.

Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem.

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a reduction in tidal volume.

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

a slower heart rate.

You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for:

abdominal aortic aneurysm.

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

acetabulum.

A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be:

an informed refusal.

As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of:

another EMT.

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

aorta

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.

apex

A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should:

assess whether the patient's mental condition is impaired.

You are caring for a very sick patient who is complaining of chest pain. You have him on your cardiac monitor which is showing AF. Suddenly, the patient goes into VF, so you attach your AED and shock him. What do the abbreviations AF, VF and AED stand for?

atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, automated external defibrillator

Both areas of the pons are used to:

augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

greater trochanter.

When you and your partner arrive at the residence of a man in cardiac arrest, you immediately recognize the patient as the drunk driver who killed your brother several years earlier. A backup ambulance is en route to the scene. You should:

begin two-rescuer CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

bilateral

The root "melan/o" means:

black.

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

blood to flow into the pulmonary circulation.

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

brain stem

The atlas is the:

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull.

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a product of:

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

The largest portion of the brain is the ___________, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter."

cerebrum

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx

The descending aorta branches into the:

common iliac arteries.

EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to:

communicate effectively with other members of the health care team.

Immediately after being dispatched to a residence for an elderly patient with diabetic complications, you should:

confirm with dispatch that you received the call information.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in

constriction of the blood vessels.

While transporting a woman with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and note that her condition did not change; she remained stable. You should:

contact medical control and notify them of the error.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.

While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. You should:

continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:

diastole

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion

During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all of the following, EXCEPT:

discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives.

The suffix "-pathy" means:

disease.

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:

document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis

The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

epiglottis

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the:

epiglottis

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

"__________" in the word "erythrocyte" means red.

erythr/o

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.

erythrocytes

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

five

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called:

hemostasis.

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

hinge

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:

hypoxic drive

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:

ilium, ischium, and pubis.

In the eyes of the courts, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates:

inadequate patient care was administered.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

inhalation

What is the function of platelets?

initial formation of a blood clot

The diaphragm is unique because it:

is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

is excessively thirsty.

In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor:

is self-supporting and lives by him- or herself.

The vocal cords are located in the:

larynx

The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

liver

The _____ is connected to the intestine by the bile ducts.

liver.

The most superior section of the sternum is called the:

manubrium

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

medial malleolus.

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is:

medial.

Your patient has been involved in an MVA. The term MVA stands for:

motor vehicle accident.

"Myo" in the word myocarditis means:

muscle

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:

myocardium

When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of:

negligence.

Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.

occipital

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

pancreatic juice

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

patella

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:

perfusion

You are attending to a patient who was involved in a car crash. He was not wearing his seat belt when he ran off the highway and hit a tree. You correctly assume that he has cardiac tamponade. On arrival at the hospital the doctor performs pericardiocentesis. The suffix "-centesis" means:

pertaining to puncturing an organ or body cavity.

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:

phalanges

In relation to the chest, the back is:

posterior.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should:

quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient.

The bones of the forearm are called the:

radius and ulna

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

receive blood from the vena cava.

After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should:

repeat the order to medical control word for word.

The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the:

residual volume

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:

reticular activating system.

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

right-side cerebrum.

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

scapula

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

sinoatrial node.

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.

The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:

small intestine

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

spleen

"Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means:

stomach

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate.

The meaning "under" can be represented by the prefixes "________-" and "infra-."

sub-

Which layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?

subcutaneous

A patient presents with severe erythema to his left lateral chest wall and a ruptured spleen. Upon arrival at the hospital, the surgeon performs a splenectomy. The suffix "-ectomy" means:

surgical removal of.