Anatomy Chapter 7A The Ribs and Vertebrae
anteriorly; inferiorly
In males, the coccyx curves ______ and in females the coccyx projects mostly _______ .
no known cause, genetic maybe
idiopathic scoliosis is caused from?
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
dens
lating for "like a tooth"
osteoporosis, repetitive motion
what can kyphosis cause?
lordosis
what disorder can be caused from pregnancy, obesity, and weak abdominal muscles
spina bifida
what disorder happens when lamina fails to form properly
facets; demifacets
In the thoracic vertebrae, major marlins include two ___ and two _____ on the heart-shaped body, the circular vertebral foramen, transverse processes, and a long spinous process
C3-C7
____ are distinguished with an oval body, short spinous processes, and large, triangular vertebral foramina
pair of ribs attached to them
all 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) have a ________ .
thoracic vertebrae
all ribs have an attachment to the ________ .
scoliosis
an exaggerated lateral curve (posterior view)
lordosis
an exaggerated lumbar curve giving a "sway-back" appearance
kyphosis
an exaggerated thoracic curve giving a "hump-back" appearance
jugular; sternal; xiphisternal
anatomical landmarks of the sternum include the _____ (suprasternal) notch, the ______ angle, and the _______ joint
4-10%
approximately _______ of the population has a sternal foramen
spina bifida occulta
back disorder that affects 5th lumbar, usually causes no problems
spina bifida meningomyelocele
back disorder that is the protrusion of spinal cord and nerves along with membrane
spina bifida meningocele
back disorder that the meninges around spinal cord are exposed
costal cartilage
cartilage that is on the anterior portion of the ribs
atlas
cervical number 1 is the _____ .
axis
cervical number 2 is the _____ .
transverse foramen
each transverse process contains a ______ .
straight
from a posterior view, the vertebral column is supposed to be ______ .
repetitive motion
habit scoliosis is caused from?
1
how many coccyx bones
51
how many rib and vertebrae bones total
24 (12 pair)
how many rib bones
1
how many sacrum bones
1
how many sternum bones
24
how many vertebrae bones
sacrum vertebrae
major markings of this vertebrae include sacral promontory, transverse lines, alae, and sacral foramina
transverse foramen
only cervical vertebrae has a ______ . these are the foramina associated with the transverse processes. the vertebral artery passes through these foramina
thoracic vertebrae
only the ____have ribs attached to them
dens
only vertebra number 2 has a ___. it is an anterior projection on the axis
stability
orientation of articular facets locks the lumbar vertebrae together to provide _______ .
true; vertebrosternal
ribs 1-7 are known as ____ ribs or ________ .
floating; vertebral
ribs 11, 12 are known as ______ ribs or _______ .
anterior cartilage; attachment of the sternum
ribs 11-12 are vertebral ribs because they do not have any ________ and do not have any ____________ (hence "vertebral," referring to their attachment to the vertebrae only).
false; vertebrochondral
ribs 8, 9, 10 are known as _____ ribs or _______ .
sternum; superior
ribs 8-10 are vertebrochondral ribs because the cartilage of those ribs does not have a direct attachment to some part of the ________ . their cartilage merges with the cartilage of the rib _____ to them. (hence "chondral" for cartilage)
costal cartilage
ribs connect to the sternum by _____ .
transverse process
ribs have another point of attachment. They attach to a portion of each ______ of the vertebrae
5
sacrum vertebrae consists of ____ fused vertebrae
vertebral development
structural scoliosis is caused from?
lordosis
sway back
axis
the ____ has a body, spine, and vertebral arches as do other cervical vertebrae
dens
the ____ is pivot for the rotation of the atlas
sacrum
the ____ vertebrae shapes the posterior wall of the pelvis
pelvic girdle
the _____ comprises the os coxa
axial
the _____ portion comprises the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
sacrum
the _____ vertebrae articulates with L5 superiorly
pectoral girdle
the ______ comprises the clavicle and the scapula
vertebral foramen
the ______ is located between the spinous process and the body. the spinal cord passes through this
coccyx
the ______ is made up of four (sometimes 3-5) fused vertebrae that articulates superiorly with the sacrum
lumbar
the ______ vertebrae are located in the small of the back and have an enhanced weight-bearing function
appendicular
the ________ portion comprises the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and appendages
C2
the atlas pivots on ____ .
occipital condyles
the atlas vertebra has facets for the attachment to the ______ of the skull
manubrium
the cartilage of rib 1 attaches to the ______ .
rib 9
the cartilage of rib 10 merges with the cartilage of ______ .
body of the sternum
the cartilage of rib 2 attaches to the manubrium and the _________ .
xiphoid
the cartilage of rib 7 attaches to the body of the sternum and partially to the _______ .
rib 7
the cartilage of rib 8 merges with the cartilage of _____ .
rib 8
the cartilage of rib 9 merges with the cartilage of ______ .
body of the sternum
the cartilage of ribs 3 through 6 attaches to the ___________ .
anterior curve
the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) form an _______ of the spinal column
weight of the head
the cervical vertebrae support the ___________ .
3 - 5
the coccyx is made of ____ fused vertebrae
odontoid process
the dens was formerly known as the _______
flexion; extension
the location of the articulate facets of the thoracic vertebrae prevents _____ and _______ , but allows rotation of this area of the spine.
anterior curve
the lumbar vertebrae form an ____ on the spinal column
pedicles; laminae; spinous; vertebral
the lumbar vertebrae have short, thick ____ and ______, flat hatchet-shaped _____ processes, and a triangular-shaped _______ foramen
weight of the entire upper body
the lumbar vertebrae support the __________ .
posterior curve
the sacrum forms a ______ on the spinal column
5; 25
the sacrum is made of __ vertebrae that fuse together by age ___ .
C1
the skull articulates with this vertebra
xiphoid process
the smallest and most inferior part of the sternum
thorax
the sternum is a dagger-shaped, flat bone that lies in the anterior midline of the _______ .
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
the sternum results from the fusion of three bones: the superior ____ , the _____ , and the inferior _______ .
posterior curve
the thoracic vertebrae form a _______ on the spinal column
lamina; pedicle
the vertebral arch is made of the _____ and the _______ .
5
there are ___ lumbar vertebrae
12
there are ____ thoracic vertebrae all of which articulate with ribs
dens
there are ligaments wrapped around the ____ to help anchor the atlas in position
transverse process
these extended laterally to the vertebral foramen
xiphoid
this is the "pointy" part that is inferior to the body of the sternum
pedicle
this is the area between the body and transverse process
lamina
this is the curved area between the spinous process and the transverse process
jugular notch
this is the depression at the superior edge of the manubrium
manubrium
this is the first part (superior part) of the sternum
body
this is the main part of the sternum. it is immediately inferior to the manubrium
spinous process
this is the part of the spine that is pointing posterior
body
this is the solid portion of the vertebra. it is an anterior structure when positioned in the body
thoracic cage
this protects the heart, lungs, thymus, and other structures in that area
thoracic cage
this serves as attachment points for muscles involved in respiration, position of vertebral column, and movements of pectoral girdle and upper limbs
dens; odontoid process
unique to the axis is the _____ or _______ , which projects superiorly from the body and is cradled in the aneroid arch of the atlas
late in fetal development
when do primary curves of the spine appear?
several months after birth
when do secondary curves of the spine appear?
body
which part of the vertebra is thick disc shaped anterior portion and weight bearing
processes
which part of vertebra arise from vertebral arch and is transverse, spinous, superior articular, and inferior articular
vertebral arch
which part of vertebra is together with the body surrounds spinal cord and has vertebral canal (foramen)
C1-C7
which vertebrae are the smallest and lightest
