Anatomy Chapter 7A The Ribs and Vertebrae

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anteriorly; inferiorly

In males, the coccyx curves ______ and in females the coccyx projects mostly _______ .

no known cause, genetic maybe

idiopathic scoliosis is caused from?

scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine

dens

lating for "like a tooth"

osteoporosis, repetitive motion

what can kyphosis cause?

lordosis

what disorder can be caused from pregnancy, obesity, and weak abdominal muscles

spina bifida

what disorder happens when lamina fails to form properly

facets; demifacets

In the thoracic vertebrae, major marlins include two ___ and two _____ on the heart-shaped body, the circular vertebral foramen, transverse processes, and a long spinous process

C3-C7

____ are distinguished with an oval body, short spinous processes, and large, triangular vertebral foramina

pair of ribs attached to them

all 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) have a ________ .

thoracic vertebrae

all ribs have an attachment to the ________ .

scoliosis

an exaggerated lateral curve (posterior view)

lordosis

an exaggerated lumbar curve giving a "sway-back" appearance

kyphosis

an exaggerated thoracic curve giving a "hump-back" appearance

jugular; sternal; xiphisternal

anatomical landmarks of the sternum include the _____ (suprasternal) notch, the ______ angle, and the _______ joint

4-10%

approximately _______ of the population has a sternal foramen

spina bifida occulta

back disorder that affects 5th lumbar, usually causes no problems

spina bifida meningomyelocele

back disorder that is the protrusion of spinal cord and nerves along with membrane

spina bifida meningocele

back disorder that the meninges around spinal cord are exposed

costal cartilage

cartilage that is on the anterior portion of the ribs

atlas

cervical number 1 is the _____ .

axis

cervical number 2 is the _____ .

transverse foramen

each transverse process contains a ______ .

straight

from a posterior view, the vertebral column is supposed to be ______ .

repetitive motion

habit scoliosis is caused from?

1

how many coccyx bones

51

how many rib and vertebrae bones total

24 (12 pair)

how many rib bones

1

how many sacrum bones

1

how many sternum bones

24

how many vertebrae bones

sacrum vertebrae

major markings of this vertebrae include sacral promontory, transverse lines, alae, and sacral foramina

transverse foramen

only cervical vertebrae has a ______ . these are the foramina associated with the transverse processes. the vertebral artery passes through these foramina

thoracic vertebrae

only the ____have ribs attached to them

dens

only vertebra number 2 has a ___. it is an anterior projection on the axis

stability

orientation of articular facets locks the lumbar vertebrae together to provide _______ .

true; vertebrosternal

ribs 1-7 are known as ____ ribs or ________ .

floating; vertebral

ribs 11, 12 are known as ______ ribs or _______ .

anterior cartilage; attachment of the sternum

ribs 11-12 are vertebral ribs because they do not have any ________ and do not have any ____________ (hence "vertebral," referring to their attachment to the vertebrae only).

false; vertebrochondral

ribs 8, 9, 10 are known as _____ ribs or _______ .

sternum; superior

ribs 8-10 are vertebrochondral ribs because the cartilage of those ribs does not have a direct attachment to some part of the ________ . their cartilage merges with the cartilage of the rib _____ to them. (hence "chondral" for cartilage)

costal cartilage

ribs connect to the sternum by _____ .

transverse process

ribs have another point of attachment. They attach to a portion of each ______ of the vertebrae

5

sacrum vertebrae consists of ____ fused vertebrae

vertebral development

structural scoliosis is caused from?

lordosis

sway back

axis

the ____ has a body, spine, and vertebral arches as do other cervical vertebrae

dens

the ____ is pivot for the rotation of the atlas

sacrum

the ____ vertebrae shapes the posterior wall of the pelvis

pelvic girdle

the _____ comprises the os coxa

axial

the _____ portion comprises the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

sacrum

the _____ vertebrae articulates with L5 superiorly

pectoral girdle

the ______ comprises the clavicle and the scapula

vertebral foramen

the ______ is located between the spinous process and the body. the spinal cord passes through this

coccyx

the ______ is made up of four (sometimes 3-5) fused vertebrae that articulates superiorly with the sacrum

lumbar

the ______ vertebrae are located in the small of the back and have an enhanced weight-bearing function

appendicular

the ________ portion comprises the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and appendages

C2

the atlas pivots on ____ .

occipital condyles

the atlas vertebra has facets for the attachment to the ______ of the skull

manubrium

the cartilage of rib 1 attaches to the ______ .

rib 9

the cartilage of rib 10 merges with the cartilage of ______ .

body of the sternum

the cartilage of rib 2 attaches to the manubrium and the _________ .

xiphoid

the cartilage of rib 7 attaches to the body of the sternum and partially to the _______ .

rib 7

the cartilage of rib 8 merges with the cartilage of _____ .

rib 8

the cartilage of rib 9 merges with the cartilage of ______ .

body of the sternum

the cartilage of ribs 3 through 6 attaches to the ___________ .

anterior curve

the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) form an _______ of the spinal column

weight of the head

the cervical vertebrae support the ___________ .

3 - 5

the coccyx is made of ____ fused vertebrae

odontoid process

the dens was formerly known as the _______

flexion; extension

the location of the articulate facets of the thoracic vertebrae prevents _____ and _______ , but allows rotation of this area of the spine.

anterior curve

the lumbar vertebrae form an ____ on the spinal column

pedicles; laminae; spinous; vertebral

the lumbar vertebrae have short, thick ____ and ______, flat hatchet-shaped _____ processes, and a triangular-shaped _______ foramen

weight of the entire upper body

the lumbar vertebrae support the __________ .

posterior curve

the sacrum forms a ______ on the spinal column

5; 25

the sacrum is made of __ vertebrae that fuse together by age ___ .

C1

the skull articulates with this vertebra

xiphoid process

the smallest and most inferior part of the sternum

thorax

the sternum is a dagger-shaped, flat bone that lies in the anterior midline of the _______ .

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

the sternum results from the fusion of three bones: the superior ____ , the _____ , and the inferior _______ .

posterior curve

the thoracic vertebrae form a _______ on the spinal column

lamina; pedicle

the vertebral arch is made of the _____ and the _______ .

5

there are ___ lumbar vertebrae

12

there are ____ thoracic vertebrae all of which articulate with ribs

dens

there are ligaments wrapped around the ____ to help anchor the atlas in position

transverse process

these extended laterally to the vertebral foramen

xiphoid

this is the "pointy" part that is inferior to the body of the sternum

pedicle

this is the area between the body and transverse process

lamina

this is the curved area between the spinous process and the transverse process

jugular notch

this is the depression at the superior edge of the manubrium

manubrium

this is the first part (superior part) of the sternum

body

this is the main part of the sternum. it is immediately inferior to the manubrium

spinous process

this is the part of the spine that is pointing posterior

body

this is the solid portion of the vertebra. it is an anterior structure when positioned in the body

thoracic cage

this protects the heart, lungs, thymus, and other structures in that area

thoracic cage

this serves as attachment points for muscles involved in respiration, position of vertebral column, and movements of pectoral girdle and upper limbs

dens; odontoid process

unique to the axis is the _____ or _______ , which projects superiorly from the body and is cradled in the aneroid arch of the atlas

late in fetal development

when do primary curves of the spine appear?

several months after birth

when do secondary curves of the spine appear?

body

which part of the vertebra is thick disc shaped anterior portion and weight bearing

processes

which part of vertebra arise from vertebral arch and is transverse, spinous, superior articular, and inferior articular

vertebral arch

which part of vertebra is together with the body surrounds spinal cord and has vertebral canal (foramen)

C1-C7

which vertebrae are the smallest and lightest


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