Anatomy Exam 1 Thompson
Network of single fibers; stretched and returned back to same shape
elastic
cell division and function; determine cell shape; cilia; flagella; largest filament
microtubules
the protein that is not firmly embedded in the membrane; on one side of the membrane or another
peripheral protein
the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
what are the two types of organelles
peroxisomes and proteasomes
at least __ different types of tissues are layered together to form an organ
2
what is the key job of a centrosome
cell division
what is the intracellular fluid portion of the cytoplasm of cells called
cytosol
t or f: The patellar region is superior to the inguinal region.
false
The word "dorsum" may be used to describe the 1. back of the hand 2. anterior surface of the body 3. top of the foot
1 and 3
Which of the anatomical planes listed below are vertical? 1. frontal 2. midsagittal 3. oblique 4. parasagittal 5. transverse
1,2,4
when was the first american ed of gray's anatomy
1862
when was the first dissection
300BC
what does the mitochondria produce
ATP
Which of the following represent the order of organization from simple to complex?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal
helped us look at structure smaller than what the human eye could see
microscopic
opposite side
Contralateral
The names of the serous membranes that cover the lungs, the heart, and abdominal cavity are ________, respectively.
Pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
what is in between the parietal and visceral layer
serous fluid
allows for movement has two layers (parietal and visceral)
serous membrane
contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
abdominal cavity
standing straight up with palms facing forward
anatomical position
_____ is the oldest form of scientific study
anatomy
study of structures
anatomy
what is the scientific name for the elbow
antecubital
front
anterior/ventral
the free surface of epithelial cells (the top)
apical
no blood vessels
avascular
the surface at the bottom of an epithelial tissue
basal
anchor for all cells in epithelial tissue
basement membrane
what does the skeletal system include
bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments
what does the nervous system include?
brain, spinal cord, nerves
Which of the following are the smallest living units in the human body?
cell
what are the levels of body organization?
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means the victim was struck on the ____
chin
turns into chromosomes during division
chromatin
hair on cell; job is to move; microtubules give them support; function as hair like objects that allow for sweeping and cleaning passageways
cilia
what type of simple columnar epithelium lines the respiratory track and fallopian tubes, has goblet and cilia
ciliated
Strong parallel bundles; resists tension; gives fiber strength
collagen
what are the types of fibers in connective tissue
collagen, elastic, reticular
cell shape that allows for more secretion, absorption and protection and is a tall column
columnar
what tissue can be seen in embryo cells
connective
what tissue is mature, dense, and has cartilage
connective
every time you see epithelial tissue, there has to have a layer of ____________ near it because connection has blood vessels (this is how epithelial gets there nutrients)
connective tissue
has an extracellular matrix (cells don't touch) and is vascular
connective tissue
supports, protects, binds, stores energy, and is important for an immune response
connective tissue
what is the most abundant tissue
connective tissue
what's another name for frontal plane
coronal plane
what does surface epithelial tissue do
covers and lines the skin, internal organs, blood vessels and body cavities
on top (head)
cranial
what is formed by cranial bones and contains the brain
cranial cavity
cell shape that allows for secretion and absorption and is square
cuboidal
everything inside the plasma membrane
cytoplasm
network of protein filaments
cytoskeleton
The thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity is separated by the _____
diaphragm
the ____ separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm
what do proteasomes do
digest/destroy unwanted proteins
what is the key role of lysosomes
digests; destroys unneeded things
to cut open
dissect
Farther from the trunk of the body
distal
secrete hormones INTO body
endocrine glands
lines heart, blood and lymph vessels
endothelium
what are the two types of simple squamous tissues?
endothelium and mesothelium
lines and covers surfaces; helps form glands
epithelial
what are the four majors types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
What does the mediastinum contain?
esophagus, trachea, heart, large vessels; thymus
secrete hormones into a DUCT
exocrine glands
sesamoid bone; that's only in 39% of humans; in elbow
fabella
supine
faced up
T or F: The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior segments.
false
T or F: The upperlimbs are facing backward in the anatomical position.
false
T or F:The visceral membrane is important for covering and/or lining the body cavities and the organs within them.
false
T or F: all cells only have one nucleus
false; red blood cells have more than one
what are the adhesion proteins in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
fibronectin
long extension; only example is sperm cell; purpose is to move; filled with microtubules
flagella
plasma membrane made up of a sea of phospholipids
fluid mosaic model
When the human body is in the anatomical position, the palm of the hand faces:
forward
divides into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
frontal
Specialized epithelial cells organized to form glands that secrete substances into ducts, onto a surface, or into the blood
glandular epithelium
signaling molecules for certain molecules to come into cell; if molecule has ligand (correct signal), it allows it to come into cell; sugary coating that allows cells to slip through space
glycocalyx
integral protein with carbohydrate chain attached
glycoprotein
made to trap water
glycosaminoglycans
the large picture items that we can see with our human eye (cadaver class)
gross
a jell like component between the cells and fibers of connective tissue; supports tissue and contains glycosaminoglycans
ground substance
The pericardial cavity contains the ____
heart
what does the cardiovascular system include
heart, arteries, veins
on bottom
inferior
what are the two types of membrane proteins?
integral and peripheral
the protein that is integrated within the membrane
integral protein
position organelles, cell shape; middle sized filament
intermediate filament
fluid between the cell bodies
interstitial fluid
what're the three types of extracellular fluid
interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph
What are the functions of proteins?
ion channels, carriers, receptors, enzymes, linkers, cell identity
same side
ipsilateral
Tough protein that protects from heat, chemicals, germs
keratin
what does the urinary system include?
kidneys, ureter, urethra
away from midline
lateral
the surface where two epithelial cells touch
lateral
what does nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium do
lines ducts of many glands
what does ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium do
lines most of upper respiratory track
what does the smooth ER produce
lipids
what are the major chemical components of the plasma membrane?
lipids and proteins
Abundant in body; subcutaneous skin, surrounding blood vessels, nerves and organs
loose aerolar connective tissuee
fluid in lymph vessels
lymph
what does the reproductive include?
male and female parts
Using anatomical directional terms, complete the following:the ulna is ______ to the radius.
medial
close to midline
medial
central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs
mediastinum
lines serous membranes
mesothelium
movement and mechanical support, give nutrients to microvilli containing cells; smallest protein filament
microfilaments
what are the three types of cytoskeleton
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
directing through the middle of the body, separating into equal parts
midsagittal
Stratified (multilaminar) epithelium has ____ layer(s) and its main job is to...
multiple; protect
what does the muscular system include
muscles and tendons
creates a physical force
muscular tissue
detects changes and responds to them
nervous tissue
what type of simple columnar epithelium lines much of the GI track, contains microvilli and goblet
non-ciliated
what are the two types of simple columnar epithelium
non-ciliated and ciliated
surrounds the nucleus and is double layered
nuclear envelop
controls what comes in/out of nucleus
nuclear pores
holds all of the chromosomes in the nucleus
nucleolus
the _____ is the director of the entire cell
nucleus
plane that doesn't sit at right angle like the rest and can happen at any part of the body
oblique
pseudostratified epithelium has how many layers and its main job is to...
one or multiple; move, secrete
simple epithelium (unilaminar) has __ layer(s) and its main job is to...
one; filter, secrete, absorb
A system in the body is composed of related _______ with a common function
organs
The liver, heart, pancreas, and lungs would be good examples of ________.
organs
what do peroxisomes do
oxidize and detoxify
what is the key role of the golgi complex
packages, sorts and sends
not in the middle; one portion will be larger
parasagittal
external cavity wall of serous
parietal
external layer around the heart
parietal pericardium
surrounds the whole abdominopelvic cavity
parietal peritoneum
external layer around lung
parietal pleura
surrounds the heart
pericardial cavity
a serous membrane of the pericardial cavity
pericardium
what does the respiratory system include?
pharynx, larynx, tracheae, bronchia
study of function
physiology
Aidan was building a wooden fort in his backyard. He stepped on a sharp nail that pierced through his shoe into the bottom of his foot. What portion of his foot was injured?
plantar
fluid that surrounds red blood cells
plasma
the serous membrane of each pleural cavity
pleura
surrounds each lung
pleural cavity
back
posterior/dorsal
faced down
prone
what are the functions of epithelial tissue
protect, secrete, absorb, excrete
act as a gate keeper in the plasma membrane
protein
what does the rough ER make
proteins
nearer to the trunk of the body
proximal
Which directional terms can be used to specify the relationships between the elbow and the shoulder?
proximal and distal
Thin bundles of collagen with glycoprotein coat; branching networks that support structure
reticular
A _____ section of the body or organ would reveal its right and left side
sagittal
flexion and extension happen in the ______ plane
sagittal
separates body into right and left
sagittal
what does the digestive system include?
salivary, esophagus, intestines, stomach
What does a goblet cell do?
secrete mucus
What does glandular epithelial tissue do?
secretes portion of glands (thyroid, sweat, digestive)
what are the three roles of the plasma membrane?
separates inside of cell from outside; regulates what comes in and out (permeability); selective permeability
what are the three layers of surface epithelial tissue
simple, pseudostratified, and stratified
where can you find stratified squamous tissue
skin
what does the integumentary system include
skin, hair, nails, glands
what does the vertebral column contain
spinal cord and some spinal nerves
cell shape that is thin, flat, and allows passage of materials
squamous
what are the types of stratified epithelial tissue
squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
has multiple layers for protection and contains keratin
stratified epithelial tissue
Anatomy focuses on the __________________ of the human body
structure
on surface
superficial
on top
superior
what are the two types of epithelial tissue
surface and glandular
what is the key role of the Endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis
The pericardial cavity and the pleural cavity are found within the ________ cavity.
thoracic
the chest cavity; contains the pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum
thoracic cavity
T or F: You would find the heart, lungs, and esophagus in the thoracic cavity.
true
what does the endocrine system include?
thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, reproductive organs
what are the main characteristics of epithelial tissue?
tightly packed cells, cells form layers, avascular, cell division
Cells with a common function form ________ which work together for a special role or function.
tissue
groups of CELLS that have a common origin and function
tissue
what are the building blocks of body structure
tissue
what is the primary function of a ciliated simple columnar epithelium
to secrete and move
cell shape that changes
transitional
what tissue can be found on the bladder and is elastic, allowing it to stretch and go back to its normal shape?
transitional epithelium
most common integral protein in the membrane; spans the whole membrane; portion is extracellular of protein and other is intracellular; key gate keepers that allow larger molecules to come in
transmembrane
Rotation occurs in what plane?
transverse
Which anatomical plane divides the body into top and bottom "halves"?
transverse
divide into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)
transverse
T or F: the nucleus is an organelle
true
t or f: The antebrachial region is distal to the antecubital region.
true
t or f: The knee is proximal to the ankle.
true
t or f: The serous membrane associated with the lungs is called the pleural membrane.
true
Your spleen is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?
upper left
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum; portion of large intestine
what does the lymphatic and immunity system include
vessels, spleen, thymus, bone marrow
internal layer of serous that adheres to organs
visceral
internal layer around the heart
visceral pericardium
adheres to each organ
visceral peritoneum
The serous membrane covering the lungs is called the...
visceral pleura
internal layer around the lung
visceral pleura