Anatomy Exam #4 Practice Questions

Put the pattern of circulation into the correct order, beginning with the pulmonary circulation. - Blood enters the pulmonary arteries and travels to the lungs. - Blood enters the systemic arteries. - Blood enters the left side of the heart. - Blood enters the pulmonary veins. - Blood delivers oxygen to the tissues, and then enters systemic veins. - Blood leaves the right side of the heart.

- Blood leaves the right side of the heart. - Blood enters the pulmonary arteries and travels to the lungs. - Blood enters the pulmonary veins. - Blood enters the left side of the heart. - Blood enters the systemic arteries. - Blood delivers oxygen to the tissues, and then enters systemic veins.

Lymph vessels reabsorb what fluid from the tissues and return it to the venous circulation?

- Interstitial fluid

Check all of the ways in which the heart chambers are involved in pulmonary circulation. - Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium. - Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium. - Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the right atrium. - Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the left atrium. - Once in the heart, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle. - Once in the heart, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

- Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium. - Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the right atrium. - Once in the heart, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

3 Functions of the Pericardium

- Prevent the heart from bouncing in the thoracic cavity - Prevent the heart from overfilling with blood - Create a frictionless environment through the production of serous fluid

When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?

- The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.

Check all that occur during ventricular systole. - The AV valves open to allow blood to enter the ventricles from the atria. - The semilunar valves remain closed to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles. - The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries. - The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

- The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries. - The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

How do veins return blood to the heart? Select all that apply. - Veins have one-way valves that prevent backflow in the limbs. - The contraction of skeletal muscles helps push the blood back toward the heart. - The skeletal muscle pump involves the automatic contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the veins. - The pressure from the arteries is sufficient to push the blood through the veins and back to the heart.

- Veins have one-way valves that prevent backflow in the limbs. - The contraction of skeletal muscles helps push the blood back toward the heart.

Blood pressure is highest in the ___________ and lowest in the _____________.

- arteries closest to the heart; veins

During inhalation, the thoracic cavity ___________; during exhalation, the thoracic cavity ___________.

- becomes larger; returns to its original size

Where does gas exchange occur between the blood and tissues?

- capillaries

Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?

- cervical

Once the femoral vein passes superior to the inguinal ligament, it is renamed the ______________ vein.

- external iliac

The openings into the nasal cavity are the

- external nares

When is the thymus gland most active?

- from childhood to puberty

The primary arterial supply to the pelvis and perineum is from the internal ___________ artery.

- iliac

The pharyngeal tonsils are located...

- in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Excess ___________ fluid and solutes are returned to the bloodstream through a lymph vessel network.

- interstitial

In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?

- left upper

Inhaled air is humidified and warmed by the...

- nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses

The sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers form the __________, which enters the lungs at the hilum.

- pulmonary plexus

The valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle is the _______ _______ valve.

- pulmonary semilunar

Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the

- small intestine

The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the

- subclavian veins

Lymphatic capillaries originate in the...

- tissue spaces between cells.

Parasympathetic innervation to the heart comes from the medulla oblongata via the left and right ___________ nerves.

- vagus

Place the structures in order, beginning with the one with the highest blood pressure and ending with the one with the lowest. Aorta Capillaries Venules Venae cavae Arterioles Veins Arteries

1. Aorta 2. Arteries 3. Arterioles 4. Capillaries 5. Venules 6. Veins 7. Venae cavae

Put the steps of the cardiac cycle into the correct order, starting with the beginning of the cardiac cycle. Late ventricular diastole Early ventricular diastole Atrial systole Early ventricular systole Late ventricular systole

1. Atrial systole 2. Early ventricular systole 3. Late ventricular systole 4. Early ventricular diastole 5. Late ventricular diastole

Match the lymphatic trunk with the major body region that it drains. 1. Drain the lower limbs 2. Drain lymph from abdominal structures 3. Drain lymph from the head 4. Drain lymph from the upper limbs Jugular trunks Subclavian trunks Intestinal trunks Lumbar trunks

1. Drain the lower limbs --> Lumbar trunks 2. Drain lymph from abdominal structures --> Intestinal trunks 3. Drain lymph from the head --> Jugular trunks 4. Drain lymph from the upper limbs --> Subclavian trunks

Sequence the flow of blood through the systemic circuit, from the moment blood leaves the left ventricle until it arrives at the right atrium. Enters either the superior or inferior vena cava Enters systemic capillaries Enters the aorta Enters veins Enters arterioles Enters elastic arteries Enters venules Enters muscular arteries

1. Enters the aorta 2. Enters elastic arteries 3. Enters muscular arteries 4. Enters arterioles 5. Enters systemic capillaries 6. Enters venules 7. Enters veins 8. Enters either the superior or inferior vena cava

When blood that is low in oxygen is pumped out of the right ventricle, what is the order of vessels in its path? Enters capillaries Enters the left atrium Enters pulmonary veins Enters venules Enters the pulmonary trunk Enters arterioles Enters either the left or right pulmonary arteries

1. Enters the pulmonary trunk 2. Enters either the left or right pulmonary arteries 3. Enters arterioles 4. Enters capillaries 5. Enters venules 6. Enters pulmonary veins 7. Enters the left atrium

Match the border of the heart with its description. 1. Formed by arterial trunks and superior vena cava 2. Posterosuperior surface 3. Inferior, conical end 4. Primarily formed by the right atrium and ventricle 5. Primarily formed by the left atrium and ventricle

1. Formed by arterial trunks and superior vena cava --> Superior border 2. Posterosuperior surface --> Base 3. Inferior, conical end --> Apex 4. Primarily formed by the right atrium and ventricle --> Right border 5. Primarily formed by the left atrium and ventricle --> Left border

Match the cardiac vein with its description. 1. In the posterior portion of cornary sulcus 2. In posterior interventricular sulcus 3. In anterior interventricular sulcus 4. Travels close to the right marginal artery

1. In the posterior portion of cornary sulcus --> Coronary sinus 2. In posterior interventricular sulcus --> Middle cardiac vein 3. In anterior interventricular sulcus --> Great cardiac vein 4. Travels close to the right marginal artery --> Small cardiac vein

Match the vein with its companion vessel. 1. Medium-sized vein 2. Large vein 3. Venule

1. Medium-sized vein --> Muscular artery 2. Large vein --> Elastic artery 3. Venule --> Arteriole

Match the region of the pharynx with its function. 1. Conducts air and food; contains palatine tonsils 2. Conducts air; contains auditory tubes 3. Conducts air and food; terminates at esophagus

1. Oropharynx 2. Nasopharynx 3. Laryngopharynx

Place the locations of the heart's conducting system in order, beginning with the location where the heartbeat is initiated.

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node 2. Atrioventricular (AV) node 3. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle 4. Left and right bundles 5. Purkinje cells

Match the lymphatic organ with its description. 1. White pulp lymphatic cells monitor the blood 2. Site for T-lymphocyte maturation 3. Filters antigens from lymph

1. White pulp lymphatic cells monitor the blood --> Spleen 2. Site for T-lymphocyte maturation --> Thymus 3. Filters antigens from lymph --> Lymph node

ymph is transported through a network of increasingly larger lymphatic passageways. What is the correct order of these, from smallest diameter to largest diameter?

Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

Check all that are components of the sympathetic innervation of the heart. Cervical sympathetic ganglion Spinal cord Vagus nerve (CN X) Cardiac nerve Sympathetic postganglionic axon

Cervical sympathetic ganglion Spinal cord Cardiac nerve Sympathetic postganglionic axon

Which statement is true regarding the location of the trachea? A. It lies anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and inferior to the primary bronchi of the lungs. B. It lies superior to the esophagus, superior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs. C. It lies posterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs. D. It lies superior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs. E. It lies anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs.

E. It lies anterior to the esophagus, inferior to the larynx, and superior to the primary bronchi of the lungs

These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

External intercostals

T/F: Pulmonary arteries carry highly oxygenated blood.

False

Which region of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located?

Mediastinum

With respect to the lymphatic system, what do the letters in the acronym MALT stand for?

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue

Into what region of the pharynx do auditory tubes open?

Nasopharynx

Which area does not contain MALT? Respiratory tract Genital tract None of the choices is correct. Gastrointestinal tract Urinary tract

None of the choices is correct.

Check all that are functions of the lymphatic system. Prevent edema in the tissues Transport dietary lipids Help maintain blood volume levels Transport most small water-soluble nutrients House lymphocytes House erythrocytes

Prevent edema in the tissues Transport dietary lipids Help maintain blood volume levels House lymphocytes

The fibers that extend through the walls of the ventricles and allow the rapid, immediate spread of the impulse throughout the ventricular myocardium are called _______ fibers.

Purkinje

Which do not belong to the respiratory portion of the respiratory system? Respiratory bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Alveolar ducts Pulmonary alveoli Alveolar sacs

Terminal bronchioles

Several things happen to inhaled air in a process called conditioning. Select the exception. The air is cooled. The air becomes turbulent. The air is humidified. The air is moistened. The air is cleansed.

The air is cooled.

Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi? The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi. Each lung has three secondary bronchi. Each lung has four secondary bronchi. Each lung has two secondary bronchi. The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.

The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.

T/F: Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in that they contain valves to prevent backflow, and use the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles to help move lymph along.

True

Which are components of the lymphatic system? a: Thyroid gland b: Spleen c: Red bone marrow d: Thymus gland e: Lymph nodes f: Tonsils

b: Spleen c: Red bone marrow d: Thymus gland e: Lymph nodes f: Tonsils

The sulcus that separates the atria from the ventricles is the ____________ sulcus.

coronary

Paranasal sinuses are not found within the..

mandible

In the right atrium, the auricle and anterior wall exhibit obvious muscular ridges called

pectinate muscles

Unidirectional flow in the heart is ensured because the heart contains __________ that prevent backflow.

valves