Anatomy example questions

What is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes? A. stop all cells from dividing B. stop certain cells from dividing C. help oncogenes produce oncoproteins D. allow the cell to skip certain phases of the cell cycle

stop certain cells from dividing

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________. A. is the result of catabolism B. release energy in uncontrolled bursts C. stores energy for use by body cells D. All of the above

stores energy for use by body cells

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? A. transitional B. stratified columnar C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar D. stratified squamous

stratified columnar

Number the layers of the epidermis, with 1 being the most superficial layer and 5 being the deepest layer. {2} Stratum lucidum {5} Stratum basale {1} Stratum corneum {4} Stratum spinosum {3} Stratum granulosum

2, 5, 1, 4, 3

Which of the following statements about connective tissue is false? A. All connective tissues stem from a common embryonic tissue called mesenchyme. B. Connective tissues may contain three types of protein fibers: collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. C. Most connective tissues are highly vascular, with the exception of cartilage. D. Most connective tissues consist largely of cells with little ECM.

All connective tissues stem from a common embryonic tissue called mesenchyme.

Which of the following best describes anatomical position? A. Body facing forward, toes pointing forward, palms facing backward B. Body, toes, and palms facing backward C. Body facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing outward D. Body facing backward and palms facing outward

Body facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing outward

The two types of receptors in the skin that detect fine touch are the A. Merkel discs. B. lamellated corpuscles. C. tactile corpuscles. D. Both a and b are correct. E. Both a and c are correct.

Both a and c are correct.

Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to GCTTATAT? A. TAGGCGCG B. ATCCGCGC C. CGAATATA D. TGCCTCTC

CGAATATA

Place the following structures in order from least to most complex organization: chromatin, nucleosome, DNA, chromosome A. DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome B. nucleosome, DNA, chromosome, chromatin C. DNA, chromatin, nucleosome, chromosome D. nucleosome, chromatin, DNA, chromosome

DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome

From where do the cells of the epidermis obtain oxygen and nutrients? A. From blood vessels in the epidermis B. Diffusion from blood vessels in the dermis C. Diffusion from the air D. From blood vessels in other epithelial tissues

Diffusion from blood vessels in the dermis

Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is false? A. Epithelial tissues are avascular. B. Epithelial tissues consist of few cells and an extensive ECM. C. The ECM of epithelial tissues is located in the basal lamina. D. Epithelial tissues are our covering and lining tissues.

Epithelial tissues consist of few cells and an extensive ECM.

Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis? A. G0 B. G1 C. G2 D. S

G1

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis? A. Prophase B. Telophase C. Interphase D. Anaphase

Interphase

If you cut yourself and bacteria enter the wound, which of the following cells would help get rid of the bacteria? A. Merkel cells B. keratinocytes C. Langerhans cells D. melanocytes

Langerhans cells

During which portion of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? A. G1 phase B. S phase C. G2 phase D. M phase

S phase

A serous membrane secretes {}, which {} the organs in certain {} body cavities.

Serous fluid, lubricates, anterior

Which layers of the epidermis contain living cells? A.Stratum granulosum only B. Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum C. Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum D. All of the layers of the epidermis contain living cells. E. None of the layers of the epidermis contain living cells.

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

Which of the following is an incorrect use of a directional term? A. The ankle is inferior to the knee. B. The sternum is superior to the abdomen. Incorrect C. The bone is deep to the muscle. D. The mouth is medial to the ears.

The ankle is inferior to the knee.

Which of the following statements about muscle tissue is true? A. Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle tissues have no striations. B. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the heart. C. The cells of skeletal muscle tissue are long, tubular, and multinucleated. D. Smooth muscle cells are joined by intercalated discs.

The cells of skeletal muscle tissue are long, tubular, and multinucleated.

Which of the following is a feature common to all three components of the cytoskeleton? A. They all serve to scaffold the organelles within the cell. B. They are all characterized by roughly the same diameter. C. They are all polymers of protein subunits. D. They all help the cell resist compression and tension.

They are all polymers of protein subunits.

In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For what discovery did he win? A. nuclear physics B. radiopharmaceuticals C. the link between radiation and cancer D. X-rays

X-rays

The nucleus and mitochondria share which of the following features? A. protein-lined membrane pores B. a double cell membrane C. the synthesis of ribosomes D. the production of cellular energy

a double cell membrane

The hair matrix contains ________. A. the hair follicle B. the hair shaft C. the glassy membrane D. a layer of basal cells

a layer of basal cells

Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________. A. endocytosis B. passive transport C. active transport D. facilitated diffusion

active transport

Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? A. tendon B. adipose tissue C. reticular tissue D. dense connective tissue

adipose tissue

A mutation in the gene for a cyclin protein might result in which of the following? A. a cell with additional genetic material than normal B. cancer C. a cell with less genetic material than normal D. any of the above

any of the above

Sebaceous glands ________. A. are a type of sweat gland B. are associated with hair follicles C. may function in response to touch D. release a watery solution of salt and metabolic waste

are associated with hair follicles

Eccrine sweat glands ________. A. are present on hair B. are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat C. produce sebum D. act as a moisturizer

are present in the skin throughout the body and produce watery sweat

Bedsores ________. A. can be treated with topical moisturizers B. can result from deep massages C. are preventable by eliminating pressure points D. are caused by dry skin

are preventable by eliminating pressure points

In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili ________. A. are glands on the skin surface B. can lead to excessive sweating C. are responsible for goose bumps D. secrete sebum

are responsible for goose bumps

In general, skin cancers ________. A. are easily treatable and not a major health concern B. occur due to poor hygiene C. can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun D. affect only the epidermis

can be reduced by limiting exposure to the sun

The smallest independently functioning unit of an organism is a(n) ________. A.cell B. molecule C. organ D. tissue

cell

What multipotent stem cells from children sometimes banked by parents? A. fetal stem cells B. embryonic stem cells C. cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth D. hematopoietic stem cells from red and white blood cells

cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth

All tissues consist of two main components: {} and {} , which consists of a gelatinous substance called {} and numerous different {}.

cells, extracellular matrix, ground substance, protein fibers.

Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? A. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers B. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers C. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers D. matrix, ground substance, and fluid

cells, ground substance, and protein fibers

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? A. columnar B. stratified C. squamous D. transitional

columnar

The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________. A. melanocytes B. keratinocytes C. connective tissue D. adipose tissue

connective tissue

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? A. areolar tissue B. adipose tissue C. dense regular connective tissue D. dense irregular connective tissue

dense regular connective tissue

Cancer cells can be characterized as "generic" cells that perform no specialized body function. Thus cancer cells lack ________. A. differentiation B. reproduction C. responsiveness D. both reproduction and responsiveness

differentiation

The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________. A. differentiation B. maturation C. modification D. specialization

differentiation

The following organs belong to the _____________________ system: esophagus, gallbladder, liver. A. integumentary B. reproductive C. lymphatic D. digestive

digestive

Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation? A. redness B. heat C. fever D. swelling

fever

One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function? A. stratum lucidum B. desmosomes C. folic acid synthesis D. Merkel cells

folic acid synthesis

Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for ________. A. diet B. exercise C. genetic factors D. stress

genetic factors

Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells? A. endothelial B. epithelial C. hematopoietic D. mesenchymal

hematopoietic

After a skin injury, the body initiates a wound-healing response. The first step of this response is the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding. Which of the following would be the next response? A. increased production of melanin by melanocytes B. increased production of connective tissue C. an increase in Pacinian corpuscles around the wound D. an increased activity in the stratum lucidum

increased production of connective tissue

A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________. A. organ B. organelle C. organism D. organ system

organ

Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot? A. microscopic anatomy B. muscle anatomy C. regional anatomy D. systemic anatomy

regional anatomy

The rough ER has its name due to what associated structures? A. Golgi apparatus B. ribosomes C. lysosomes D. proteins

ribosomes

Which of the following structures could be found within the nucleolus? A. chromatin B. histones C. ribosomes D. nucleosomes

ribosomes

Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? A. columnar B. pseudostratified C. simple squamous D. transitional

simple squamous

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. A. skeletal muscle only B. cardiac muscle only C. smooth muscle only D. skeletal and cardiac muscles

skeletal muscle only

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis? A. stratum spinosum B. stratum corneum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum basale

stratum basale

As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. stratum spinosum D. stratum granulosum

stratum corneum

Langerhans cells are commonly found in the ________. A. stratum spinosum B. stratum corneum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum basale

stratum spinosum

Collagen lends ________ to the skin. A. elasticity B. structure C. color D. UV protection

structure

Metabolism can be defined as the ________. A. adjustment by an organism to external or internal changes B. process whereby all unspecialized cells become specialized to perform distinct functions C. process whereby new cells are formed to replace worn-out cells D. sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

The lumbar region is ________. A. inferior to the gluteal region B. inferior to the umbilical region C. superior to the cervical region D. superior to the popliteal region

superior to the popliteal region

Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy? A. CT scans B. PET scans C. ultrasounds D. X-rays

ultrasounds

In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for ________. A. vitamin D synthesis B. arteriole constriction C. folate production D. thermoregulation

vitamin D synthesis

Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier? A. microglia B. neuroglia C. oligodendrocytes D. astrocytes

astrocytes

Which of the following is part of the elongation step of DNA synthesis? A. pulling apart the two DNA strands B. attaching complementary nucleotides to the template strand C. untwisting the DNA helix D. none of the above

attaching complementary nucleotides to the template strand

The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances ________ their ________ gradient. A. up; electrical B. up; electrochemical C. down; pressure D. down; concentration

down; concentration

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. A. endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium B. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm C. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue D. epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

The main cell type in skin is the: A. melanocyte. B. reticulocyte. C. monocyte. D. keratinocyte.

keratinocyte.

Choose the term that best completes the following analogy: Cytoplasm is to cytosol as a swimming pool containing chlorine and flotation toys is to ________. A. the walls of the pool B. the chlorine C. the flotation toys D. the water

the water

Which of the following is not a basic component of most cells? A. Microvilli B. Plasma membrane C. Nucleus D. Cytoplasm

Microvilli

What is the position of the body when it is in the "normal anatomical position?" A. The person is prone with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides. B. The person is standing facing the observer, with upper limbs extended out at a ninety-degree angle from the torso and lower limbs in a wide stance with feet pointing laterally C. The person is supine with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides. D. None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following is not a component of the plasma membrane? A. Cholesterol B. Glycolipids C. Phospholipids D. Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells? A.CT B. MRI C. PET D. ultrasonography

PET

The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. A. dendrite B. axon C. microglia D. collagen fiber

axon

Which of the following is not a type of tissue? A. muscle B. nervous C. embryonic D. epithelial

embryonic

The following organs belong to the ____________________ system: pancreas, thyroid gland, adrenal glands. A. endocrine B. urinary C. lymphatic D. cardiovascular

endocrine

Fingerprints are the result of A. epidermal ridges. B. projections from the hypodermis. C. epidermal papillae that create dermal ridges. D. dermal papillae that house sebaceous glands.

epidermal ridges.

An individual has spent too much time sun bathing. Not only is his skin painful to touch, but small blisters have appeared in the affected area. This indicates that he has damaged which layers of his skin? A. epidermis only B. hypodermis only C. epidermis and hypodermis D. epidermis and dermis

epidermis and dermis

Nervous tissue is composed of {} and two types of cells: {} and {}.

extracellular matrix, neurons, neuroglial cells

What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans? A. release of radiation and poor quality images B. high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals C. can only view metabolically active tissues and inadequate availability of equipment D. release of radiation and the need for a patient to be confined to metal tube for up to 30 minutes

high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals

When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release? A. collagen B. histamine C. hyaluronic acid D. meylin

histamine

The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. A. holocrine; apocrine B. eccrine; endocrine C. apocrine; holocrine D. eccrine; apocrine

holocrine; apocrine

Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ________. A. loose connective tissue B. a tendon C. bone D. hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage

Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center? A. nail bed B. hyponychium C. nail root D. eponychium

hyponychium

Because they are embedded within the membrane, ion channels are examples of ________. A. receptor proteins B. integral proteins C. peripheral proteins D. glycoproteins

integral proteins

Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells? A. basal cells of the stratum basale B. melanocytes of the stratum basale C. keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum D. Langerhans cells of the stratum lucidum

keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

Atrophy refers to ________. A. loss of elasticity B. loss of mass C. loss of rigidity D. loss of permeability

loss of mass

The heart is within the ________. A. cranial cavity B. mediastinum C. posterior (dorsal) cavity D. All of the above

mediastinum

In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. A. mesoderm B. mesenchyme C. ectoderm D. endoderm

mesenchyme

To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ________. A. coronal plane B. longitudinal plane C. midsagittal plane D. transverse plane

midsagittal plane

Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? A. nuclei B. striations C. golgi bodies D. mitochondria

mitochondria

Which of the following organelles produces large quantities of ATP when both glucose and oxygen are available to the cell? A. mitochondria B. peroxisomes C. lysosomes D. ER

mitochondria

Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? A. mesothelium B. lamina propria C. mesenteries D. mucosa

mucosa

The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. A. myoblasts B. endoderm C. fibrocytes D. chondrocytes

myoblasts

The dividing cells of a nail are located in the A. nail fold. B. nail plate. C. nail bed. D. nail matrix.

nail matrix.

The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ________. A. neurons B. oligodendrocytes C. astrocytes D. microglia

neurons

Choose the answer that best completes the following analogy: Diffusion is to ________ as endocytosis is to ________. A. filtration; phagocytosis B. osmosis; pinocytosis C. solutes; fluid D. gradient; chemical energy

osmosis; pinocytosis

In bone, the main cells are ________. A. fibroblasts B. chondrocytes C. lymphocytes D. osteocytes

osteocytes

An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. papillary dermis D. stratum granulosum

papillary dermis

Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization: oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency. A. multipotency, pleuripotency, oligopotency, unipotency B. pleuripotency, oligopotency, multipotency unipotency C. oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency D. pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

Which of the following is a function of the rough ER? A. production of proteins B. detoxification of certain substances C. synthesis of steroid hormones D. regulation of intracellular calcium concentration

production of proteins

Anatomical position and specific directional and regional terms are used in anatomy to: A. standardize units of measure. B. provide a standard that facilitates communication and decreases the chances for errors. C. provide a standard that is used to develop drug delivery systems. D. make students' lives difficult.

provide a standard that facilitates communication and decreases the chances for errors.

The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________. A. cardiovascular system B. endocrine system C. muscular system D. skeletal system

skeletal system

Which of the following is not a function of the hypodermis? A. protects underlying organs B. helps maintain body temperature C. source of blood vessels in the epidermis D. a site to long-term energy storage

source of blood vessels in the epidermis