Anatomy final exam

After the process of meiosis, men produce ____ sperm for each primary spermatocyte and women produce _____ egg for each primary oocyte. 4; 1 1; 1 4; 4 1; 4

4; 1

The cervical section of the spinal column has how many vertebrae? 12 7 5 10

7

Down syndrome results when an extra copy of chromosome ____ is present. 18 21 13 X

21

What physiological change does the body make when the body temperature rises above normal? Blood vessels dilate Blood vessels constrict Muscles contract involuntarily Sweat glands remain inactive

Blood vessels dilate

Which region includes the area where the thigh meets the trunk of the body? Hypogastric region Umbilical region Inguinal region Lumbar region

Inguinal region

What role does prostatic fluid play in the semen? It adds sugar and chemicals to the semen. It adds enzymes to the semen. It adds mucus to the semen. It adds an alkaline substance to the semen.

It adds an alkaline substance to the semen

What effect does benign prostatic hyperplasia have on the urinary system? It doesn't allow the bladder to expand. It causes urinary tract infection. It causes semen to backflow into the bladder. It narrows the urethra.

It narrows the urethra.

Which body position is commonly used for childbirth in Western nations? Dorsal recumbent Lithotomy Semi-Fowler's Knee-chest

Lithotomy

Physiology is the study of what aspect of the human body? functions of structures location of structures microscopic structures visible structures

functions and structures

Using the knee as a reference point, which body part is the most distal? Shoulder Hips Ankle Toes

shoulder

Which layer of the uterus is responsible for regenerating the uterine lining each month? Functional layer Myometrium Perimetrium Basal layer

Basal layer

What structure contains sperm stem cells in the male? Seminiferous tubules Tunica vaginalis Epididymis Vas deferens

Seminiferous tubules

What is one duty of a surgical technologist? Marking a limb for amputation Providing patient teaching to patients undergoing surgery Setting up a sterile field for operations Meeting with the patient's family after surgery

Setting up a sterile field for operations

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in a male? Testosterone Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Testosterone

Pain in the left upper quadrant could be due to problems with which organ? Stomach Gallbladder Small intestine Bladder

stomach

A patient has been admitted to the hospital for amputation of the right great toe. In this situation, "right" refers to __________. your right the side that is distal the patient's right the side that is proximal

the patient's right

The buccal cavity refers to ________. the space within the mouth the space behind the nose the space that houses the eyes the space that contains the ear canal

the space within the mouth

What is the meaning of the suffix -oma? disease or condition of pain pertaining to tumor

tumor

After fertilization, the fertilized egg is known as a _________ and contains _____ chromosomes. zygote; 46 zygote; 23 fetus; 23 fetus; 46

zygote; 46

What is the suffix in the term gastritis? -itis gastr/o gas/o -tritis

-itis

Which patient would benefit most from being placed in Fowler's position? A patient with difficulty breathing A patient with bleeding A patient who is resting A patient who is recovering from back surgery

A patient with difficulty breathing

In which phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes pulled apart? Anaphase of meiosis I Metaphase of meiosis I Metaphase of meiosis II Anaphase of meiosis II

Anaphase of meiosis I

What is an example of a necessary and good positive feedback loop? Contraction of the uterus during childbirth Sweating in hot temperatures Itching induced by an allergen Hiccups

Contraction of the uterus during childbirth.

The eggs are contained in which part of the ovary? Cortex Mesovarium Medulla Tunica albuginea

Cortex

Which imaging procedure produces a two-dimensional view of inside of the body? X-ray CT scan MRI PET scan

X-ray

What is the meaning of the prefix hyper? above normal below normal large difficult

above normal

What type of bond results when electrons are shared by the atoms in the​ bond? chemical electric covalent ionic

covalent

A patient who needs to have a brain tumor removed will require surgery within the __________ cavity. cranial spinal buccal thoracic

cranial

The failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac before birth is called _________. impotency benign prostatic hyperplasia hydrocele cryptorchidism

cryptorchidism

Which term has a word root that means "red"? erythrocyte hepatomegaly dermatology cyanosis

erythrocyte

If a patient has breath that smells like fruit-flavored chewing gum or nail polish remover, they may have which disease? Hodgkin's disease Yeast infection Diabetes Melanoma

diabetes

What term is used to describe a condition in which the body fails to function normally? disease pathology signs and symptoms remission

disease

The vas deferens joins the seminal vesicle to form the _________. prostate gland epididymis bulbourethral glands ejaculatory duct

ejaculatory duct

Which term has a suffix that means "a recording"? gastrostomy leukopenia electrocardiogram mammography

electrocardiogram

What is the smallest unit that retains the unique chemical properties of that specific type of​ matter? compound atom element molecule

element

The substances sodium​ (Na), chlorine​ (Cl), and iron​ (Fe) are all examples of​ what? molecules compounds atoms elements

elements

From fertilization until the eighth week of gestation, the developing infant is called a(n) _________. placenta fetus embryo amnion

embryo

What term is used to describe signs and symptoms of a disease that suddenly "flare up"? remission exacerbation relapse syndrome

exacerbation

All of the following elements or compounds are called​ hydrophilic, or water​ loving, ​except: phosphorus oxygen nitrogen fat

fat

Peripheral cyanosis will present as bluish discoloration to which body part? Fingers Mouth Torso Eyes

fingers

When a patient is standing in anatomical position, which directions are the palms of the hands facing? Forward Backward Toward the body Away from the body

foward

The coronal plane divides the body into which sections? Left and right Top and bottom Front and back Medial and lateral

front and back

Which word root means "stomach"? hepat/o gastr/o hemat/o abdomin/o

gastr/o

A patient comes into the emergency department complaining of pubic pain. What body area needs to be assessed? Genitals Wrist Eyes Foot

genitals

The tip of the penis is called the _________. root shaft prepuce glans penis

glans penis

Two or more atoms joined together form​ a(n) ___________________. molecule ion compound element

molecule

What condition results when endometrial tissue escapes from the uterus and implants within the abdominal and pelvic cavities? Abruptio placentae Dysmenorrhea Vaginitis Endometriosis

Endometriosis

Which body part is the most superficial? Stomach Heart Fingernails Skull

Fingernails

In medical terminology, most of the medical terms are derived from which two languages? Greek and Latin Greek and Hebrew Latin and German German and French

Greek and latin

Which cavity contains the organs of the urinary system? Thoracic cavity Spinal cavity Pelvic cavity Posterior cavity

Pelvic cavity

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections? Transverse plane Median plane Midsagittal plane Coronal plane

Transverse plane

What are the smallest complete particles of elements​ called? molecules ions compounds atoms

atoms

What is the abbreviation for "give twice a day"? t.i.d. b.i.d. TD npo

b.i.d

What is the word root in the term bradycardia? cardi/o brady -ia car/o

cardi/o

A patient who fell from a second story window and landed on a wrist likely has injuries in the _________ region. axillary patellar carpal cervical

carpal

The lumbar region is located directly superior to the __________ region. hypochondriac iliac umbilical hypogastric

iliac

At what point does a primary follicle become a secondary follicle in a female? After puberty After fertilization Before birth Before puberty

After puberty

What process occurs in the third stage of labor? Dilation of the cervix Delivery of the baby Delivery of the placenta Crowning of the baby's head

Delivery of the placenta

What is the first step in diagnosing a disease? Determining the patient's chief complaint Taking the patient's vital signs Identifying signs and symptoms of a syndrome Having knowledge of a local epidemic

Determining the patient's chief complaint.

What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? Pericardium Intestines Diaphragm Spinal cord

Diaphragm

What is the process of monitoring and maintaining a stable internal environment? Feedback Homeostasis Set point Metabolism

Homeostasis

Which hormone is secreted if pregnancy results from an implanted fertilized egg? Oxytocin Estrogen Human chorionic gonadotropin Prolactin

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Where is milk made in the female breast? In the ampulla In the areola In the alveoli In the lactiferous ducts

In the alveoli

What does mastitis refer to? Tenderness of the breasts during menstruation The inability of the breast to produce milk Breast cancer Inflammation of the breast

Inflammation of the breast

What effect does benign prostatic hyperplasia have on the urinary system? It doesn't allow the bladder to It narrows the urethra. It causes urinary tract infections. It causes semen to backflow into the bladder.

It narrows the urethra.

How does estrogen's feedback to the hypothalamus change when progesterone levels increase? term-26 It stimulates an increase in hormone secretion rather than a decrease. It stimulates release of LH rather than FSH. It stimulates release of FSH rather than LH. It stimulates a decrease in hormone secretion rather than an increase.

It stimulates a decrease in hormone secretion rather than an increase.

Which sequence of sperm development is correct? Primary spermatocytes → secondary spermatocytes → spermatogonia → spermatids → sperm Spermatids → primary spermatocytes → secondary spermatocytes → spermatogonia → sperm Spermatogonia → primary spermatocytes → secondary spermatocytes → spermatids → sperm Primary spermatocytes → secondary spermatocytes → spermatids → spermatogonia → sperm

Spermatogonia → primary spermatocytes → secondary spermatocytes → spermatids → sperm

What hormonal changes occur that signal the beginning of sexual maturity in a male? Testosterone inhibits GnRH secretion. FSH and LH decrease testosterone secretion. Testosterone secretion increases. FSH and LH secretion decreases.

Testosterone secretion increases.

A patient with cystic fibrosis needs respiratory therapy that requires draining excess secretions from the lungs. What position would be most beneficial for this process? Trendelenburg position Prone position Fowler's position Sims' position

Trendelenburg position

Which of the following is defined as a chemical substance that can release hydrogen​ ions? dissociation electrolyte base acid

acid

Which term has a prefix that means "extremities"? acromegaly macrophage endocarditis hypoglycemic

acromegaly

A condition that exhibits a rapid onset of signs and symptoms is referred to as what? an acute condition a chronic condition a remission a relapse

an acute condition

A disease that occurs suddenly in large numbers in a specific region is called __________. an epidemic endemic a pandemic a prognosis

an epidemic

The study of the internal and external structures of the human body is called __________. anatomy physiology pathophysiology medical terminology

anatomy

A phlebotomist who is trying to draw blood from a patient will likely draw blood from which region? Cervical Antecubital Femoral Plantar

antecubital

A patient needs to have his temperature taken in the axillary region. Where would you place the thermometer? Armpit Mouth Buttocks Knee

armpit

What is the meaning of the prefix in the term pericarditis? around heart inflammation of within

around

The term used to refer to the prevention of pregnancy is _________. contraception amenorrhea tubal ligation impotency

contraception

After a routine exam, the physician tells a patient that the patient has hypertension, abdominal obesity, and low HDL. This patient is at high risk for which condition? heart attack Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis tuberculosis

heart attack

Which of the following is a common base that can accept hydrogen​ ions? sodium hydrochloric acid carbonic acid hydroxide

hydroxide

A hernia in the inguinal region involves protrusion of the __________. liver intestines heart stomach

intestines

What type of bond results when one atom donates electrons to another​ atom? chemical ionic polar covalent covalent

ionic

Sagittal sections of an organ run parallel to which plane? Horizontal plane Median plane Coronal plane Frontal plane

median plane

All the energy and material transformations that occur within living cells is called __________. metabolism anabolism catabolism growth

metabolism

What is the major system of measurement used in health care? metric system U.S. Customary System English system British Imperial System

metric system

The process of asexual reproduction in the human is called _________ and results in cells with _____ chromosomes. meiosis; 46 mitosis; 23 meiosis; 23 mitosis; 46

mitosis; 46

What term refers to the measure of the number of deaths attributed to a specific disease in a given population over a period of time? mortality morbidity prognosis pandemic

mortality

The term "medial" refers to body parts located where? Near the middle of the body Away from the middle of the body Toward the front of the body Toward the back of the body

near the middle of the body

If a feedback loop opposes the stimulus, it is called a __________ feedback loop. negative positive homeostatic metabolic

negative

What scale is used to measure the concentration or amount of hydrogen and​ hydroxides? acidic scale Kelvin scale alkaline scale pH scale

pH scale

What type of bond creates a molecule in which one atom has a slightly negative charge while the other has a slightly positive​ charge? polar covalent ionic chemical electric

polar covalent

Objective, measurable indicators of an illness are called _________. signs symptoms syndromes relapses

signs

Pulse, blood pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate are referred to as __________. vital symptoms acute signs chronic symptoms vital signs

vital signs

The external genitalia of the female is collectively known as the _________. vulva vestibule mons pubis perineum

vulva

During which stage of the menstrual cycle does the pituitary gland start producing luteinizing hormone? Menstruation Ovulation stage Corpus luteum stage Follicular stage

Ovulation stage

The normal heart rate for an adult is __________ beats per minute. 60-100 70-120 90-170 greater than 165

60-100

Pain caused by appendicitis would most likely be felt in which quadrant? Left lower quadrant Right lower quadrant Right upper quadrant Left upper quadrant

Right lower quadrant

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the secretion of which hormone from the pituitary gland, which then triggers ovulation? Progesterone Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Estrogen

Luteinizing hormone

What process occurs in the time between ovulation and menses? The endometrium begins to degenerate. The mature egg is released from the ovary. Follicles mature in the ovary. The endometrium begins proliferating

The endometrium begins to degenerate.

Which directional term is used CORRECTLY? The patient had internal injuries to the skin. The patient had a cut so superficial that the bone was exposed. The patient had scratch marks on the posterior side of her leg. The patient had stomach pain in the peripheral part of the body.

The patient had scratch marks on the posterior side of her leg.