Anatomy Homework Questions: Exam 1

What is Dense connective tissue?

Dense connective tissue is a component of connective tissue proper. An example of dense connective tissue would be the ligaments and tendons that help to provide structural reinforcement between skeletal muscle and bone and between bones, respectively. This is made possible by the abundance of collagen fibers organized in a very tightly packed fashion.

Which skin structures function in temperature regulation? Hair shaft and hair follicle Eccrine sweat glands and vascular plexuses Sensory nerve fiber and dermal papillae Sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscle

Eccrine sweat glands and vascular plexuses Correct! Eccrine sweat glands regulate temperature via evaporative cooling, and the vascular plexuses dilate and constrict to release or conserve heat.

Cells are incorrectly shown flattening as they are closer to the skin surface and should remain the same shape throughout the entire epidermis. True False

False

The neuronal fiber is incorrectly shown as innervating a Merkel cell and it should be innervating a Langerhans' cell. True False

False

In Connective Tissue Proper, which cell type secretes the fiber matrix? Osteoblast Fibroblast Chondroblast

Fibroblast

Which of the following are the major types of Cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic Dense Hyaline Loose

Fibrocartilage Elastic Hyaline

What is blood used for?

Fluid medium used for the transport of gases and nutrients

Which of the following describes an osteoporosis bone? Bendable Harder Full of holes

Full of holes

What does cartilage do?

Ground substance is able to hold fluid and is resistant to compression

Muscles that are over a foot in length exist within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal

Sarcomeres are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal Cardiac

Striations are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal Cardiac

Actin are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Intermediate filaments are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Mitochondria are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Myosin are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Ribosomes are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

What is the primary function of this epithelial type? protection from abrasion secretion absorption diffusion

diffusion

What type of epithelial tissue lines the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs? stratified columnar stratified squamous simple columnar simple squamous

simple squamous

The Merkel cell is incorrectly shown in the stratum spinosum and should be in the stratum basale. True False

true

The dendritic cell (Langerhans' cell) is incorrectly drawn in the stratum basale and should be located in the stratum spinosum. True False

true

The lateral surfaces of epithelial cells are characterized by _____. A. a basal lamina b. cilia c. microvilli d. specialized cell junctions

d. specialized cell junctions Correct. Tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions join the lateral surfaces of adjacent epithelial cells

What characteristic distinguishes a loose CT from a dense CT? presence/absence of elastic fibers presence/absence of collagen fibers density of fibers density of fibroblasts

density of fibers Correct: All CT have collagen. The distinguishing factor between loose and dense CT is the density of fibers

What are some qualities of Epithelial tissue?

- Apical surface that faces an open space - Stratified columnar - Can aid in absorption and secretion - Can aid in diffusion and protection - Tightly packed cells held together by cell-to-cell adhesion molecules

What are some characteristics of Hyaline Cartilage?

- Articular cartilage of a joint - Costal cartilage - Cartilages in nose - Articular cartilage of a joint

What are some qualities of Connective tissue?

- Can have large amount of collagen - Dense irregular - Binds and protects - Stores nutrients and transports

What are some characteristics of Elastic Cartilage?

- Cartilage in external ear

What are some characteristics of Fibrocartilage?

- Pubic symphysis - Cartilage in intervertebral disc - Meniscus (padlike cartilage in knee joint)

What is Loose Connective Tissue?

A loose connective tissue doesn't mean that there are few cells or other structures that make up that tissue. Instead, the name refers to the organization of fibers in the extracellular matrix. In a loose connective tissue, the fibers are arranged in such a way that they are not closely associated with one another. Instead, there are spaces between the fibers.

Which statement below is NOT a characteristic of epithelia? A. Epithelia are highly vascularized. B. Epithelia have a "free" apical region and a basal region adjacent to underlying connective tissue. C. Epithelia contain many cells closely packed together with little extracellular material. D. Epithelia is innervated; it contains nerve endings.

A. Epithelia are highly vascularized. Correct Correct. Epithelia are NOT vascularized. All epithelia receive oxygen and nutrients, and get rid of cellular wastes via diffusion with the underlying highly vascularized connective tissue.

Based on the previous answer, what can you deduce about the relationship between the structure of compact bone and its blood supply? A. Osteons are limited in size by the distance that nutrients can diffuse through canaliculi to reach the osteocytes. B. Osteons are not limited in size because blood vessels can always reach osteocytes. C. Osteons are limited in size because they have no blood supply.

A. Osteons are limited in size by the distance that nutrients can diffuse through canaliculi to reach the osteocytes.

A lack of blood vessels running through the epithelium. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

A. Would be the same in all epithelial types.

Always has a distinct apical surface. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

A. Would be the same in all epithelial types.

Can regenerate itself. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

A. Would be the same in all epithelial types.

Has a supportive connective tissue layer beneath the basal surface. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

A. Would be the same in all epithelial types.

Has nervous innervation. Decide whether the listed characteristic of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

A. Would be the same in all epithelial types.

What is the function of Simple cuboidal?

Allows for rapid diffusion but also produces secretions

What are some types of Loose CT?

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

What is the role of Dense CT?

Attaches muscle to bone and has the ability to resist tension due to the thick collagen fibers

Number of cell layers found in an epithelium. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium

B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium

Cell shapes. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

Has cilia. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

Is only found lining a body cavity. Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

Types and numbers of cell-to-cell contacts Decide whether the listed feature of an epithelium would be the SAME in all epithelia of the body, or could VARY depending on the part of the body or type of epithelial tissue. A. Would be the same in all epithelial types. B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

B. Could vary depending on the type and/or location of the epithelium.

Which of the following describes an osteomalacia bone? Bendable Harder Full of holes

Bendable

Which of the following best describes the way in which epithelial tissues are characterized? Hints By the shape of the cells at the apical surface and the arrangement of the nuclei By the presence of an extracellular matrix By whether the tissue is a liquid or a solid By the arrangement of the nuclei By the shape of the cells at the apical surface By the types and numbers of cells that make up the tissue

By the shape of the cells at the apical surface and the arrangement of the nuclei

Which type of cell junction is also referred to as an anchoring junction? A. Adhesion proteins B. Tight junction C. Desmosome D. Gap junction

C. Desmosome Correct. Desmosomes are called anchoring junctions because proteins extending from adjacent cell membranes link adjoining cells. These junctions allow for movement and greater spacing between adjacent cells.

What function is associated with skeletal muscle cells? Some muscle cells can both push and then pull. Can push only. Some can push and some can pull. Can pull only.

Can pull only.

Intercalated discs are found within which muscle types? Select all that apply. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac None of the above

Cardiac

What is the function of Simple columnar?

Cells are the most active in secretion and absorption

Which major classes of connective tissues contain collagen? Choose all that apply. Connective Tissue Proper Bone Cartilage

Connective Tissue Proper Bone Cartilage

What is Bone made up of?

Contains organic and inorganic substances in the extracellular matrix

What characteristic of this epithelial tissue type makes it good at what it is does but also makes it susceptible to damage from mechanical forces such as abrasion from asbestos? It lacks multiple cell layers It lacks innervations It lacks gap junctions It lacks an underlying connective tissue layer It lacks microvilli

It lacks multiple cell layers

Which of the following are subtypes of Connective Tissue Proper? Loose CT Elastic cartilage Dense CT Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage

Loose CT Dense CT

What is the function of Stratified squamous?

Many layers of cells stacked on top of one another, providing a significant amount of protection from abrasion

Identify what structures in a skeletal muscle will shorten in length during contraction of the muscle. Choose all that apply. Muscle fiber Thick filaments Muscle fascicle Sarcomere Thin filaments Myofibril The whole muscle organ

Muscle fiber Muscle fascicle Sarcomere Myofibril The whole muscle organ

If a blood vessel in the central canal burst, could a red blood cell (7um in diameter) enter the canaliculi of compact bone? Explain why or why not. A. No, because canaliculi are much smaller than the diameter of a red blood cell. B. Yes, because blood vessels that contain red blood cells go through the canaliculi. C. No, because bone doesn't have a blood supply.

No, because canaliculi are much smaller than the diameter of a red blood cell.

Which of the following describes the meachanism of osteomalacia? Osteoclasts work faster than osteoblasts. Osteoblasts work faster than osteoclasts. Not enough calcium is added to bone matrix.

Not enough calcium is added to bone matrix.

Which of the following describes the mechanism of osteoporosis? Osteoclasts work faster than osteoblasts. Osteoblasts work faster than osteoclasts. Not enough calcium is added to bone matrix.

Osteoclasts work faster than osteoblasts.

What is the function of Stratified cuboidal?

Produces secretions while preventing damage to the underlying layers

What are some types of Dense CT?

Regular, Irregular, Elastic

Which of the following are subtypes of Loose CT? Reticular Dense irregular Elastic Dense regular Areolar Adipose

Reticular Areolar Adipose

In which layer of the skin are sebaceous glands located? Epidermis Hypodermis Papillary layer of the dermis Reticular layer of the dermis

Reticular layer of the dermis Correct! The sebaceous glands are associated with the hair follicle and are located in the reticular layer of the dermis.

Identify the tissue types that make up the layers of the skin from superficial to deep. Dense fibrous connective tissue; areolar connective tissue; epithelial tissue Simple squamous epithelium; reticular connective tissue; areolar connective tissue Stratified squamous epithelium; areolar connective tissue; dense irregular connective tissue Stratified cuboidal epithelium; areolar connective tissue; reticular connective tissue

Stratified squamous epithelium; areolar connective tissue; dense irregular connective tissue Correct! The epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; the dermis is composed of a superficial papillary layer of areolar connective tissue and a thick reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

What is the role of loose CT?

Surrounds the human eye in order to protect and cushion it

How are the epimysium and tendons related? Tendons and epimysium both surround the end of the muscle. The tendon is a continuation of the epimysium. The epimysium surrounds the tendon. Tendons surround the epimysium.

The tendon is a continuation of the epimysium.

What is the function of Simple squamous?

Thin layer of cells that allows for the fast diffusion of substances

The hair follicle is incorrectly shown in the epidermis and should extend into the dermis. True False

True

Melanocytes are incorrectly shown, scattered throughout multiple epidermal layers and should only be in the stratum basale layer. True False

Truuu

What is the relative strength of an osteomalacia bone compared to a normal bone? Stronger Same Weaker

Weaker

What is the relative strength of an osteoporosis bone compared to a normal bone? Stronger Same Weaker

Weaker