Anatomy Homework Questions from Chapter 5 and 6
The strength of the diaphysis of a long bone is due to: 1) the presence of compact bone. 2) The longitudinal orientation of the osteons 3) The presence of trabeculae Which one or ones are correct
1 and 2 are both correct
Orientation of which dermal fibers is responsible for "lines of cleavage" (tension lines) seen in the skin?
Collagen
Tensile strength and flexibility of bone is provided by what type of extracellular matrix fiber
Collagen
Which of the following are functions of epidermal ridges? a) increases surface area, which allows for increased numbers of touch corpuscles. b) Creates strong bond between epidermis and dermis where much mechanical stress occurs. c) increases grip or hand and foot by increasing friction d) all of the choices are correct
D) all of the choices are correct
Which of the following is NOT classified by shape as a long bone? a) phalanx b) humerus c) fibula d) sternum e) metacarpal
D) sternum
Which of the following is FALSE regarding skin color? a) melanocytes transfer the pigment melanin to keratinocytes b) melanin can range in color from yellow-red to brown-black c) carotene and hemoglobin contribute to skin color d) the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes is variable between different skin colors e) dark-skinned individuals have many more melanocytes than light-skinned individuals
E is the correct answer
The areas between neighboring osteons contain
Interstitial lamellae
Flat bones are formed by which type of osteogenesis?
Intramembranous ossification
What is the significance of the epiphyseal line?
It indicates that bone growth in length is complete
Which cells are produced in the bone marrow and then migrate to the epidermis where they participate in the immune response
Langerhans cells
What best describes a trochanter
Large projection for muscle attachment on the femur
Which bone surface marking is described as a "tubelike opening," for example the opening for the ear canal through the temporal bone?
Meatus
___ are cells that produce the skin pigment that absorbs ultraviolet light
Melanocytes
What term refers to the part of the bone that includes the epiphyseal plate (in a growing bone)?
Metaphyses
In bone tissue, which type of cell is the 'bone-building cell' (secretes extracellular matrix and initiates calcification)?
Osteoblast
What type of cells is involved in the building of bone, i.e. producing calcium phosphate etc?
Osteoblasts
___ are unspecialized stem cells derived from mesenchyme that undergo cell division
Osteoprogenitor cells
The ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the presence of ___ in the ___
Elastic fibers, dermis
Which term refers to a covering of connective tissue that surrounds (most of) the bones external surface?
Periosteum
What is the route for nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes in the compact bone of a diaphysis?
Periosteum perforating canal central canal canaliculi
What best describes a condyle
Rounded articular surface
A feature of thick skin is that it lacks
Sebaceous glands
Excessive secretion from which gland would make hair oily?
Sebaceous glands
Which layer of the epidermis consists of 3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis and have cell organelles that begin to degenerate and tonofilaments that become more apparent?
Stratum Granulosum
The greatest amount of keratin is found where?
Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is essentially lacking in thin skin, but is thick on the anterior surface of the hands and fingers and on the soles of the feet
Stratum lucidum
What is the correct order of epidermal layers from deep to superficial (Thick skin)
Stratum: basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
A furrows along a bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon, is known as a(n)
Sulcus
What best describes a tuberosity
a large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment
The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers. a) both statements are true b) first true, second false c) first false, second true d) both false
a) both statements are true
A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they
are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream
Which of the following is found in stratum basale? a) Cuboidal or columnar shaped cells. b) keratinocytes c) melanocytes d) all of the choices are correct
d) all of the choices are correct
Which of the following statements is true about the epiphyseal region of bone? a) it is the area where bone elongation occurs? b) it is composed of cartilage cells? c) it eventually becomes the epiphyseal (growth) plate d) all of these choices e) it is the area where bone elongation occurs and it eventually becomes the epiphyseal (growth) plate
d) all of these choices
What best describes a fossa
depression
The first step in the process of (long) bone formation is:
formation of a cartilaginous model
A shallow depression, such as the coronoid fossa of the humerus, is known as a(n)?
fossa
Apocrine glands are a special type of sweat gland that are found ____
mainly in the axilla groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the adult male face.
What best describes a facet
smooth, flat surface
What best describes a meatus
tube-like passageway
A projection with a rough, bumpy surface surface is known as a(n)
tuberosity
Which of the following is FALSE regarding endochondral ossification? a) forms within hyaline cartilage b) most bones of the body develop by endochondral ossification c) forms directly within mesenchyme d) primary ossification proceeds inward from the external bone surface e) secondary ossification proceeds outward from the center of the epiphysis
C) forms directly within mesenchyme
Which of the following statements about the layers of the skin is TRUE? a) The dermis is composed primarily of connective tissue and the epidermis is composed primarily of epithelium. b) The epidermis is deeper than the dermis. c) Skin color is mainly due to cells located in the upper part of the dermis; the cells of the epidermis are colorless. d) The epidermis is located between the dermis and the hypodermis. e) The epidermis is rich in blood vessels; the dermis is avascular.
A is correct
Which of the following produces multiple layers of dead cells that help to protect deeper layers from injury and microbial invasion? a) keratinocytes b) langerhans cells c) melanocytes d) tactile epithelial cells
A) keratinocytes
Which of the following is NOT located in the dermis: a) melanocytes b) hair follicles c) free nerve endings d) touch receptors e) blood vessels
A) melanocytes
What word does the letter "B" stand for in the American Cancer Society's ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma?
Border is irregular
Tattoos are created by injecting ink with a needle into the ___
Dermis
What best describes an epicondyle
prominence above or beside a condyle