Anatomy Homework Questions from Chapter 5 and 6

The strength of the diaphysis of a long bone is due to: 1) the presence of compact bone. 2) The longitudinal orientation of the osteons 3) The presence of trabeculae Which one or ones are correct

1 and 2 are both correct

Orientation of which dermal fibers is responsible for "lines of cleavage" (tension lines) seen in the skin?

Collagen

Tensile strength and flexibility of bone is provided by what type of extracellular matrix fiber

Collagen

Which of the following are functions of epidermal ridges? a) increases surface area, which allows for increased numbers of touch corpuscles. b) Creates strong bond between epidermis and dermis where much mechanical stress occurs. c) increases grip or hand and foot by increasing friction d) all of the choices are correct

D) all of the choices are correct

Which of the following is NOT classified by shape as a long bone? a) phalanx b) humerus c) fibula d) sternum e) metacarpal

D) sternum

Which of the following is FALSE regarding skin color? a) melanocytes transfer the pigment melanin to keratinocytes b) melanin can range in color from yellow-red to brown-black c) carotene and hemoglobin contribute to skin color d) the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes is variable between different skin colors e) dark-skinned individuals have many more melanocytes than light-skinned individuals

E is the correct answer

The areas between neighboring osteons contain

Interstitial lamellae

Flat bones are formed by which type of osteogenesis?

Intramembranous ossification

What is the significance of the epiphyseal line?

It indicates that bone growth in length is complete

Which cells are produced in the bone marrow and then migrate to the epidermis where they participate in the immune response

Langerhans cells

What best describes a trochanter

Large projection for muscle attachment on the femur

Which bone surface marking is described as a "tubelike opening," for example the opening for the ear canal through the temporal bone?

Meatus

___ are cells that produce the skin pigment that absorbs ultraviolet light

Melanocytes

What term refers to the part of the bone that includes the epiphyseal plate (in a growing bone)?

Metaphyses

In bone tissue, which type of cell is the 'bone-building cell' (secretes extracellular matrix and initiates calcification)?

Osteoblast

What type of cells is involved in the building of bone, i.e. producing calcium phosphate etc?

Osteoblasts

___ are unspecialized stem cells derived from mesenchyme that undergo cell division

Osteoprogenitor cells

The ability of skin to stretch and recoil is due to the presence of ___ in the ___

Elastic fibers, dermis

Which term refers to a covering of connective tissue that surrounds (most of) the bones external surface?

Periosteum

What is the route for nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes in the compact bone of a diaphysis?

Periosteum perforating canal central canal canaliculi

What best describes a condyle

Rounded articular surface

A feature of thick skin is that it lacks

Sebaceous glands

Excessive secretion from which gland would make hair oily?

Sebaceous glands

Which layer of the epidermis consists of 3-5 rows of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis and have cell organelles that begin to degenerate and tonofilaments that become more apparent?

Stratum Granulosum

The greatest amount of keratin is found where?

Stratum corneum

What layer of the epidermis is essentially lacking in thin skin, but is thick on the anterior surface of the hands and fingers and on the soles of the feet

Stratum lucidum

What is the correct order of epidermal layers from deep to superficial (Thick skin)

Stratum: basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

A furrows along a bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon, is known as a(n)

Sulcus

What best describes a tuberosity

a large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers. a) both statements are true b) first true, second false c) first false, second true d) both false

a) both statements are true

A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they

are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream

Which of the following is found in stratum basale? a) Cuboidal or columnar shaped cells. b) keratinocytes c) melanocytes d) all of the choices are correct

d) all of the choices are correct

Which of the following statements is true about the epiphyseal region of bone? a) it is the area where bone elongation occurs? b) it is composed of cartilage cells? c) it eventually becomes the epiphyseal (growth) plate d) all of these choices e) it is the area where bone elongation occurs and it eventually becomes the epiphyseal (growth) plate

d) all of these choices

What best describes a fossa

depression

The first step in the process of (long) bone formation is:

formation of a cartilaginous model

A shallow depression, such as the coronoid fossa of the humerus, is known as a(n)?

fossa

Apocrine glands are a special type of sweat gland that are found ____

mainly in the axilla groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the adult male face.

What best describes a facet

smooth, flat surface

What best describes a meatus

tube-like passageway

A projection with a rough, bumpy surface surface is known as a(n)

tuberosity

Which of the following is FALSE regarding endochondral ossification? a) forms within hyaline cartilage b) most bones of the body develop by endochondral ossification c) forms directly within mesenchyme d) primary ossification proceeds inward from the external bone surface e) secondary ossification proceeds outward from the center of the epiphysis

C) forms directly within mesenchyme

Which of the following statements about the layers of the skin is TRUE? a) The dermis is composed primarily of connective tissue and the epidermis is composed primarily of epithelium. b) The epidermis is deeper than the dermis. c) Skin color is mainly due to cells located in the upper part of the dermis; the cells of the epidermis are colorless. d) The epidermis is located between the dermis and the hypodermis. e) The epidermis is rich in blood vessels; the dermis is avascular.

A is correct

Which of the following produces multiple layers of dead cells that help to protect deeper layers from injury and microbial invasion? a) keratinocytes b) langerhans cells c) melanocytes d) tactile epithelial cells

A) keratinocytes

Which of the following is NOT located in the dermis: a) melanocytes b) hair follicles c) free nerve endings d) touch receptors e) blood vessels

A) melanocytes

What word does the letter "B" stand for in the American Cancer Society's ABCD guidelines for detecting malignant melanoma?

Border is irregular

Tattoos are created by injecting ink with a needle into the ___

Dermis

What best describes an epicondyle

prominence above or beside a condyle