Anatomy Lab Final
Directly under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum is a large cauliflower-like structure known as the:
Cerebellum
Eight bones make up the _________which protects the brain.
Cranium
The underlying connective tissue of the skin
Dermis
The ___________ traverses down the left side of the abdominal cavity and becomes the sigmoid colon.
Descending colon
Motor neurons that carry activating impulses from the CNS to the body are referred to as:
Efferent neurons
List the primary tissue types in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
True or False: in the anatomical position the body is laying down.
False
True or False: most reflexes are simple, two-neuron, monosynaptic reflec arcs.
False
True or false: the neural centers that control respiratory rhythm and maintain a rate of 12-18 respirations per minute are located in the medulla and thalamus.
False
You are studying a pelvis that is wide and shallow. The acetabula are small and far apart. The pubic arch/angle is rounded and greater than 90 degrees. It appears to be tilted forward, with a wide, short sacrum. Is this a male or female pelvis?
Female
The strongest heaviest bone in the body is the:
Femur
_________reflexes include all those reflexes that involve stimulation of skeletal muscles.
Somatic
What epithelial tissue is flat and scale-like?
Squamous
The largest branch of the abdominal aorta, the _________, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine.
Superior mesentric artery
Stretch reflexes are initiated by tapping a _______ that stretches the associated muscle.
Tendon
The shaft of a long bone is known as
diaphysis
Ventricular relaxation
diastole
The superficial layer of the skin
epidermis
Approximately 10 in. long, the __________ conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach.
esophagus
The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint, symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs is
fibrocartilage
The lowest region of the brain stem, the ______________ houses many vital autonomic centers involved in the control of heart rate, respiratory rhythm, and BP.
medulla oblongata
The ________ lines the lumen of the alimentary canal and consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.
mucosa
The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the:
pericardium
What device do you use to measure BP?
sphygmomanometer
Three small bones found within the middle ear are the malleus, incus and
stapes
the ________ is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity and is hidden by the liver and diaphragm
stomach
Ventricular contraction
systole
The _______ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.
thoracic
The ______ is the largest and most prominent of the laryngeal cartilages.
thyroid cartilage
The right AV valve is also called the ___________ valve, which prevents backflow into the right atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.
tricuspid
Sound waves that enter the external acoustic meatus eventually encounter the __________, which then vibrates at the same frequency as the sound waves hitting it.
tympanic membrane
The portion of a hair that projects from the surface of the skin is known as the
Shaft
What epithelial tissue is only one layer thick?
Simple
What type of muscle tissue surrounds hollow organs and is involuntary?
Smooth muscle tissue
A graph illustrating the pressure and volume changes during one heartbeat is called the
Cardiac cycle
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
During normal quiet breathing, about ________ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.
500
The average heart beats approx. _________ beats per min.
75
In reporting a BP of 120/80, which number represents the diastolic pressure?
80
What is the front of the body?
Anterior and ventral
The _________ is the largest artery of the body.
Aorta
Functions of the skeleton.
Attachment of muscles, site of RBC formation, storage of lipids.
What skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity?
Axial
The center of the muscle is called the ________, and this is where lactic acid tends to build up in fatigued muscles.
Belly
The ________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.
Body
The axial skeleton is made up of the skull, the vertebral column, and the:
Bony thorax
The origin of a muscle is the ______ end and the insertion is the ______ end of the muscle.
Fixed, moveable
The _________bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.
Flat
Why would the body have epithelial tissue only one layer thick?
For fast and easy transport of substances
Located in the lower limb, the __________ is the longest vein in the body.
Great saphenous
The upper arm consists of one long bone, the:
Humerus
Air flows from the larynx to the trachea and then enters the
Left and right main bronchi
The lower jawbone or, ____________articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints in the skull.
Mandible
The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by three connective tissue layers called:
Meninges
Most axons are covered with a fatty material called _____________, which insulates the fibers and increases the speed of transmission.
Myelin
Supporting neurons are referred to as:
Neuroglia
The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle cell is called:
Neuromuscular junction
Which is not connective tissue?
Neurons
What is the back of the body?
Posterior and dorsal
What are functions of the skin?
Protection, water retention, sensory reception, temperature regulation, Vitamin D synthesis
What are the five parts of a reflex?
Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
What plane runs longitudinally dividing the body into a right and left part?
Sagittal
The ducts of _______ glands usually empty into a a hair follicle but may also open directly on the skin surface.
Sebaceous
In a reflex arc, the ________ transmits afferent impulses to the CNS.
Sensory neuron
The term superficial refers to a structure that is
Toward or at the body surface
True or False. Nearly all nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.
True
True or False: axons are nerve processes that generate impulses away from the cell body.
True
True or false. It is through the walls of the capillaries that actual gas exchanges take place between tissue cells and blood.
True
True or false. The fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot----with the exception of the big toe and thumb---each have three phalanges.
True
True or false: dendrites are nerve processes that send info. toward the cell body.
True
True or false: muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles because they insert into the skin or other muscles instead of into a bone.
True
True or false: the neuron and muscle fiber membranes do not actually touch but are separated by a fluid filled gap.
True
___________drain tissues and return blood to the heart.
Veins
The left ventricle discharges blood into the ___________, from which all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues.
aorta
Changes in pH and oxygen concentrations in the blood are monitored by chemoreceptor regions in the:
aortic and carotid bodies
Eccrine or apocrine sweat glands are primarily in the the genital and axillary regions?
apocrine
The ______ skeleton is composed of 126 bones of the appendages and the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
appendicular
The _________ is a clear, watery fluid that helps to maintain the intraocular pressure of the eye and provides nutrients for the avascular lens and cornea.
aqueous humor
What is the name of the two receiving chambers of the heart?
atria
Olfactory receptor cells are __________ neurons whose olfactory cilia extend outward from the epithelium.
bipolar
Name the mucous membrane that lines the internal surface of the eyelids and continues over the anterior surface of the eyeball.
conjunctiva
The functional blood supply of the heart itself is provided by the:
coronary arteries
