anatomy lower limb muscle review

What causes compartment syndrome?

Swollen muscles that compress blood vessels in a limb compartment.

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? a) gracilis b) semitendinosus c) semimembranosus d) biceps femoris

a) gracilis = slender gracilis - Long, thin, superficial muscle of medial thigh. Adduct thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg, especially during walking.

A skydiver's parachute fails to deploy. After some struggle, his reserve chute deploys in time to save his life. However, his landing is harder than normal and he feels his knee slightly hyperextend. He shakes it off and goes about his normal routine. Later that day he begins experiencing knee pain. Two days later he notices that his knee "pops" when he crouches and soon discovers he has dislocated his femur on the knee. What muscle was likely injured initially? a) Popliteus b) tensor fasciae latae c) soleus d) Sartorius e) quadriceps femoris

a) popliteus

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? a) popliteus b) gastrocnemius and soleus c) flexor digitorum longus d) tibialis posterior

a) popliteus

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________. a) quadriceps femoris b) rectus abdominis c) gluteus maximus d) gastrocnemius

a) quadriceps femoris

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint? a) tibialis anterior b) peroneus tertius c) extensor digitorum longus d) peroneus longus

a) tibialis anterior

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? a) tibialis posterior b) adductor magnus c) gluteus maximus d) vastus lateralis

b) adductor magnus

Which of the following muscles compresses the abdomen? a) internal intercostal b) transverse abdominis c) transverse thoracis d) diaphragm

b) transverse abdominis

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants? a) vastus medialis b) vastus lateralis c) rectus femoris d) vastus intermedius

b) vastus lateralis

The adductor brevis has its origin on the...? a) Iliac fossa of the ilium. b) Anterolateral surface of the sacrum. c) Inferior ramus of the pubis. d) Linea aspera of the femur. e) Iliac crest.

c) inferior ramus of the pubis

Which muscles is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly? a) external intercostals and diaphragm b) rectus abdominis and diaphragm c) internal intercostals and rectus abdominus d) diaphragm alone

c) internal intercostals and rectus abdominus

Which of the following muscles acts to flex and adduct the thigh? a) gluteus maximus b) vastus medialis c) pectineus d) gluteus medius e) popliteus

c) pectineus

A skateboarder falls and lands directly on his buttocks and lower back. He does not feel too much pain and so he continues skating. After a couple of days he begins experiencing right hip pain and notices his right foot and leg are rotated to the right. A doctor diagnoses muscle spasm. Which of the following muscles is most likely causing the leg and foot rotation? a) quadratus lumborum b) tibialis posterior c) piriformis d) adductor longus e) sacrospinalis

c) piriformis

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking? a) external oblique b) transversus abdominis c) rectus abdominis d) internal oblique

c) rectus abdominis

What do anterior leg muscles do?

dorsiflex the foot

The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur is the A) gracilis. B) sartorius. C) rectus femoris. D) gluteus medius. E) gluteus maximus.

e) gluteus maximus

The group of collagen fibers that provide a lateral brace for the knee especially when balancing on one leg is the...? a) Linea Alba. b) Obturator muscle. c) Tensor fasciae latae. d) Piriformis. e) Iliotibial tract

e) iliotibial tract

The muscles that laterally rotate the thigh include all of the following, except the a) Gluteus maximus. b) Obturator externus. c) Piriformis. d) Obturator internus. e) Tensor fasciae latae

e) tensor fasciae latae

After childbirth a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it difficult for her to walk. She has difficulty walking due to the pain. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be impaired? a) hip flexors b) thigh abductors c) hip extensors d) later rotators e) thigh adductors

e) thigh adductors

What extends the great toe?

extensor hallucis longus

Damage to which of the following muscles would interfere with breathing?

external intercostals

The ________ muscles evert the foot, where as the ________ muscles invert the foot.

fibularis (or peroneus), tibialis

Of the following muscles, which one flexes the toes?

flexor digitorum longus

which muscle is NOT involved in inversion of the foot?

gastrocnemius

Which muscle is attached to the calcaneus?

gastrocnemius (calf muscles - posterior side)

Because of the two heads of the _______ share a common tendon of insertion with the _______, these muscles are collectively called triceps surae.

gastrocnemius; soleus

The muscle that inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity on the femur is the...?

gluteus maximus

Of the following muscles of the leg, which one attaches to the heel by the way of the calcaneal tendon?

soleus

Of the following muscles, which one pulls the heel up?

soleus

Tom is having difficulty plantar flexing and everting his foot. Which muscle is most likely involved in this problem?

soleus

Which muscle causes plantarflexion of the foot?

soleus

Which muscles are important in sitting cross-legged?

the sartorius, which allow the knee to be flexed, as well as the muscles that act to rotate the thigh laterally

What muscles are the quadriceps femoris composed of?

the three vestus muscles and the rectus femoris

Of the following muscles of the leg, which one is an antagonist to the soleus?

tibialis anterior

The antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the...?

tibialis anterior

The muscle that dorsiflexes the foot is the...?

tibialis anterior

What is inserted on the base of the first metatarsal?

tibialis anterior

Which muscle is the primary antagonist of the muscles that insert on the calcaneus?

tibialis anterior

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?

vastus lateralis

During abdominal surgery the surgeon makes an abdominal cut to the lineal alba. The muscle that would be cut is the...?

rectus abdominus

The muscle that flexes the spinal column is the...?

rectus abdominus

The muscle that inserts on the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the...?

rectus abdominus

Which of the following muscles has its origin on the sternum?

rectus abdominus

Muscles comprising the quadriceps group include the A) rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis. B) rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus, and adductor longus. C) peroneus, gastrocnemius, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. D) iliopsoas, gracilis, adductor magnus, biceps femoris, and gracilis. E) semitendinosus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis.

A) rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

Which of the choices below is the major muscle for breathing?

diaphragm

True or False? The Adductor Magnus can both extend and flex the thigh depending on the part activated.

True

The only knee flexor that originates superior to the acetabulum is the a) Iliopsoas. b) Biceps femoris. c) Sartorius. d) Gracilis. e) Semimembranosus.

c) sartorius

The muscle directly deep to the gastrocnemius is the...? A) peroneus. B) extensor digitorum. C) soleus. D) tibialis posterior. E) tibialis anterior.

c) soleus

The origin of the flexor hallucis longus is a) The lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula. b) Above the femoral condyles. c) The posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia. d) The posterior surface of the fibula. e) The lateral condyle of the tibia and anterior surface of the fibula.

c) the posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee? a) biceps b) vastus medialis c) soleus d) iliopsoas and rectus femoris

d) iliopsoas and rectus femoris iliopsoas - a composite of two closely related muscles (iliacus and psoas major) whose fibers pass under the inguinal ligament to insert via a common tendon on the femur. rectus femoris - superfical muscle of anterior thigh.

The inferior ramus of the pubis is the origin and the medial tibia is the insertion of the _______ muscle.

gracilis

What is an abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall called?

hernia

What is the iliac and psoas major referred to as?

iliopsoas

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

iliopsoas and rectus femoris

The band of collagen fibers that laterally brace the knee is the...?

iliotibial tract (IT band)

What muscle runs deep to the external oblique?

internal oblique

Adductor magnus, adductor longus and the adductor brevis are parts of the lower muscle mass known as...?

medial thigh

Which muscle originates on the entire length of the linea aspera of the femur?

vastus medialis