Anatomy Midterm

Carbon dioxide is... 1) an electrolyte. 2) an element 3) inhaled in large quantities from the environment. 4) a waste product of metabolic processes. 5) a salt.

a waste product of metabolic processes.

A solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions is _________.

acidic

Each element is composed of characteristic tiny particles called _________________.

atoms

Which term describes a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions? 1) neutral 2) acidic 3) basic 4) low pH 5) none of the above

basic

Chemicals that resist changes in pH are called...

buffers

____________ are chemicals that resist changes in pH.

buffers

Organic substances always contain the elements hydrogen and _______________.

carbon

Which of the following is not organic? 1) a nucleic acid 2) a lipid 3) carbon dioxide 4) a protein 5) a carbohydrate

carbon dioxide

Which elements make up 95% (by weight) of the human body? 1) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium 2) carbon, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen 3) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogenCorrect 4) carbon, hydrogen, selenium, sodium 5) sodium, calcium, nitrogen, selenium

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Match each description with the correct inorganic compound. 1) Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules produce this waste molecule. 2) Metabolic reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules need this molecule to work effectively. 3) When this type of compound dissociates, it releases electrolytes. 4) This compound serves as a solvent, a transport medium, and a participant in many chemical reactions. *options are carbon dioxide, oxygen, salt, water*

1) carbon dioxide 2) oxygen 3) salt 4) water

Each whole number on the pH scale represents a ____ - fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. 1) 15 2) 20 3) 100 4) 2 5) 10

10

The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of... 1) 16 electrons. 2) 1 electron. 3) 8 electrons. 4) 4 electrons. 5) 2 electrons.

2 electrons

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. true or false?

true

Which of the following is the number of elements living organisms require? 1) 10 2) 15 3) 20 4) 90 5) 144

20

A pH of ___________ is the midpoint of the pH scale and signifies equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

7

A solution that has a pH of 6 has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of...

7

A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as ________.

AB -> A+B

The formula H2O means... 1) an atom contains 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule. 2) a molecule contains 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms. 3) a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and no oxygen atoms. 4) an atom contains 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen molecules. 5) a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determine its... 1) weight 2) shape 3) atomic number 4) mass 5) chemical behavior

chemical behavior

All of the food that we eat, liquids that we drink and medications that we take are... 1) proteins. 2) chemicals. 3) carbohydrates. 4) nucleic acids. 5) vitamins.

chemicals

At the cellular level of organization, biology becomes the study of... 1) human populations 2) chemistry 3) tissues 4) organ systems 5) organs

chemistry

Understanding ______________ is essential for understanding anatomy and physiology because body structures and functions result from chemical changes.

chemistry

When atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called _____________.

compounds

The type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons is called _______________.

covalent

A ______________ reaction is symbolized as AB→A+B.

decomposition

An ______________ is defined as a substance that ionizes in water.

electrolyte

As a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called... 1) salts. 2) acids. 3) solvents. 4) electrolytes. 5) bases.

electrolytes

Inorganic substances that usually dissociate in water are called... 1) organic compounds. 2) carbohydrates. 3) lipids. 4) electrolytes. 5) non-electrolytes.

electrolytes

When atoms combine with other atoms, interactions occur between their ______________ shells.

electron

All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called ________________.

elements

At present, there are 90 known naturally occurring _______________.

elements

A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions is called a(an) _________ reaction. 1) reversible 2) decomposition 3) irreversible 4) exchange 5) synthesis

exchange

A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base. true or false?

false

An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. true or false?

false

An element with an atomic number of 6 contains 12 protons. true or false?

false

Buffers combine with hydrogen ions when H+ is in excess or they donate hydroxide ions when H+ is depleted. true or false?

false

Cholesterol is a protein. true or false?

false

If the bonds of a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form, the reaction is an exchange reaction. true or false?

false

Proteins include DNA and RNA. true or false?

false

The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus. true or false?

false

The building blocks of fat molecules are amino acids. true or false?

false

(chapter 2) ______ are lipids used primarily to store energy for cellular activities.

fats

As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH number... 1) gets. 2) gets smaller 3) approaches 14 4) stays the same 5) becomes negative

gets smaller

pH is a measure of _________ ion concentration.

hydrogen

The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a(an)... 1) hydrogen bond. 2) covalent bond. 3) triple bond. 4) ionic bond. 5) double bond.

hydrogen bond

The type of chemical bond formed when ions with opposite electrical charges are attracted to one another is called _________________________.

ionic

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged and are called _____________.

ions

The atomic ___________ of an atom of an element equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

mass

____________ is defined as anything that has weight and takes up space.

matter

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of... 1) nuclei 2) neutrons 3) protons 4) electron shells 5) electrons

neutrons

The parts of an atom that lack an electrical charge are called _________________.

neutrons

__________________ are the building blocks of nucleic acids.

nucleotides

The subunits that form nucleic acids are called ____________ . Each subunit consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a(n) __________. The sugar deoxyribose is found in the type of nucleic acid called _____ while the sugar ribose is found in the nucleic acid called ________. DNA consists of ____ chain(s) of subunits, and RNA consists of _____ chain(s).

nucleotides. nitrogenous base. DNA; RNA. two; one.

The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called the element's atomic __________.

number

Which of the following chemicals is not an inorganic substance? 1) water 2) protein 3) sodium chloride 4) oxygen 5) carbon dioxide

protein

The different types of carbohydrates do not include...

proteins

A person has alkalosis if the blood pH... 1) rises above 7.0. 2) drops below 7.4. 3) steadily decreases. 4) drops below 7.0. 5) rises above 7.45.

rises above 7.45

The electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called... 1) ions 2) regions 3) shells 4) bonds 5) nuclei

shells

A _________ formula shows how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules.

structural

A _______________ reaction is symbolized as A+B→AB.

synthesis

The opposite of a decomposition reaction is called a __________________ reaction.

synthesis

A covalent bond is formed by two atoms that share electrons. true or false?

true

A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule. true or false?

true

A molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of atoms. true or false?

true

A pH value indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, including body fluids. true or false?

true

A salt is a compound composed of oppositely charged ions. true or false?

true

An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion. true or false?

true

Cellular organelles use oxygen to release energy from glucose. true or false?

true

Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition of matter. true or false?

true

If two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond. true or false?

true

Many inorganic substances dissociate in water to release ions. true or false?

true

Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. true or false?

true

Sodium and chloride ions readily combine because they have opposite charges. true or false?

true

Steroid molecules have four connected rings of carbon atoms. true or false?

true

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. true or false?

true

The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present. true or false?

true

Water accounts for 2/3 of the weight of an adult human. true or false?

true

Water is an example of a compound. true or false?

true

When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product) the reaction is called synthesis. true or false?

true

When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a molecule. true or false?

true

Which of the following substances is not an element? 1) iron 2) oxygen 3) hydrogen 4) carbon 5) water

water

____________ is the most abundant compound in living material.

water