anatomy module 4- neuro of rest of brain and spinal cord
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
3 structures of the brainstem
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra
a collection of groups of nuclei includes:
thalamus
all sensory information (exception olfaction) passes through this brain structure en route to cerebral cortex
cerebellar gray matter location
cerebellar cortex & deep cerebellar nuclei
ataxia
cerebellar disease/damage can cause
ataxia (definition)
decomposition of movement, errors in timing and scaling of movement, tremor during movement activities
cerebellar white matter
fibers going into and out of the cerebellum via penducles
sensory integration site sensory information from different modalities
function of thalamus
respiration, heart rhythms, blood glucose levels
functions of the brainstem
coordinates muscles for smooth fluid motion monitors 'state' of body in space monitors/adjusts motor commands
functions of the cerebellum
spinal cord gray matter
internal matter of spinal cord ventral horn contains bodies of motor neurons dorsal horn receives sensory information
anastomoses
points of communication among arteries
spinal cord white matter
surrounds gray matter fiber tracts that project up to the brain from the body and from the brain to the body
controls 'autonomic' behavior such as the release of hormones,
what are functions of the hypothalamus?
cingulate cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygala
what are the four main structures of the limbic system?
involved in motor control, involved in motor learning, helps stabilize the motor system
what are the functions of basal nuclei/ganglia?
important in regulating emotional and visceral responses role in emotional speech
what are the functions of the limbic system?
Parkinson's Disease (reduced movement) & Huntington's Chorea (uncontrolled 'dancing' like movement)
what are two disorders caused by basal ganglia disfunction?
can cause mutism (lack of speech)
what can happen if limbic system is damaged?
visual and auditory reflexes
what is the function of the midbrain?
