anatomy module 4- neuro of rest of brain and spinal cord

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

3 structures of the brainstem

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

a collection of groups of nuclei includes:

thalamus

all sensory information (exception olfaction) passes through this brain structure en route to cerebral cortex

cerebellar gray matter location

cerebellar cortex & deep cerebellar nuclei

ataxia

cerebellar disease/damage can cause

ataxia (definition)

decomposition of movement, errors in timing and scaling of movement, tremor during movement activities

cerebellar white matter

fibers going into and out of the cerebellum via penducles

sensory integration site sensory information from different modalities

function of thalamus

respiration, heart rhythms, blood glucose levels

functions of the brainstem

coordinates muscles for smooth fluid motion monitors 'state' of body in space monitors/adjusts motor commands

functions of the cerebellum

spinal cord gray matter

internal matter of spinal cord ventral horn contains bodies of motor neurons dorsal horn receives sensory information

anastomoses

points of communication among arteries

spinal cord white matter

surrounds gray matter fiber tracts that project up to the brain from the body and from the brain to the body

controls 'autonomic' behavior such as the release of hormones,

what are functions of the hypothalamus?

cingulate cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygala

what are the four main structures of the limbic system?

involved in motor control, involved in motor learning, helps stabilize the motor system

what are the functions of basal nuclei/ganglia?

important in regulating emotional and visceral responses role in emotional speech

what are the functions of the limbic system?

Parkinson's Disease (reduced movement) & Huntington's Chorea (uncontrolled 'dancing' like movement)

what are two disorders caused by basal ganglia disfunction?

can cause mutism (lack of speech)

what can happen if limbic system is damaged?

visual and auditory reflexes

what is the function of the midbrain?