Anatomy, Muscular System Review

muscle fibers that require less carbohydrate and mroe fat for fuel, known as endurance muscle fibers, small diameter (ex: soleus muscle)

Slow twitch, Type 1 muscle fibers

which muscle tissues have one nucleus? Which on has multiple?

Smooth, cardiac (one) skeletal (multiple)

what is the muscle that is the "prime move," and the muscle most directly involved in facilitating a specific movement?

agonist

what is the muscle that opposes the action of the agonist?

antagonist

what two muscles of the face help you purse your lips and whistle?

buccinator, obicularis oris

which type of muscle tissue is involuntary?

cardiac, smooth

what is the muscle that surrounds the entire inside of the rib cage, and it is the ONLY skeletal muscle that is vital for life?

diaphragm

what is the connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber (muscle cell)

endomysium

what is the connective tissue that surrounds the bundles of fasciculi to make a whole muscle? (surrounds the whole muscle)

epimysium

what do the external and internal intercostals do?

external: elevate ribs for inspiration internal: depress ribs for expiration

(T/F?) There is a agreed upon number of how many muscles we have

false

(T/F?) muscle fibers affect all fibers, even the ones they don't touch

false, they affect ONLY the ones they touch

muscle (surrounded by epimysium) is comprised of what??

fasciculus (covering: perimysium)

aka stabilizers, theres muscles steady the proximal limb while the movement occurs distally

fixators

which end is the DISTAL attachment (the more moveable end)

insertion

what is the type of muscle contraction in which the amount of resistance is dependent on the amount of forced applied by the individual and the speed remains constant? what are the two main places this type of movement is used?

isokinetic (rehab, research)

what kind of muscle movement contracts the muscle statically without changing its length?

isometric

what knd of muscle movement shortens or lengthens a muscle and causes the skeletal part to be moved through a full range of motion

isotonic contraction (we do this daily)

which motor units are those which the neuron supplies several hundred muscle fibers and are found in large muscles, ex: thigh, back (small or large)

large motor units

what two muscles help you to pull your bottom lip down and frown?

mentalis, platysma

what is the structural unit of skeletal muscle?

muscle fiber (aka muscle cell)

fasciculus (surrounded by perimysium) is comprised of what?

muscle fiber (covering: endomysium)

what is the motor unit of skeletal muscle?

muscle fibers and their alpha motor neurons

what are the muscles of capital flexion? give an example

muscles that run from the atlas and upper cervical vertebrae, "the mini nod"

which fascia is located superficial to the epimysium and separates and compartmentalizes individual muscles of groups of muscles (superficial, muscular, or visceral?)

muscular fascia

muscle fibers (covered by endomysium) are comprised of what?

myofibrils ("little muscle fibers")

myofibrils are comprised of what?

myofilaments

which end is the PROXIMAL attachment (the more stationary end)

origin

what is the connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle fasciculus?

perimysium

which fascia is filled with fat immediately below the skin (superficial, Muscular, or visceral?)

superficial fascia

what do the suprahyoids and infrahyoids do?

suprahyoids: elevate the hyoids infrahyoids:depress the hyoid

what is the muscle that complements/helpsthe action of the agonist

synergist

what two muscles of the face help to close and elevate the jaw?

temporalis muscle, masseter

Muscles consist of what? (4)

1. Muscle tissue 2. Blood vessels 3. Nerves 4. Connective tissue

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth

myofilaments are composed of what? (2)

1. actin (proteins) 2. myosin (proteins)

what are the 2 types of isotonic contractions and what does each do?

1. concentric (shortening of the muscle) 2. eccentric (causes muscle damage, controlled lengthening of the muscle)

what is the origin, insertion and action of the sternocleidomastoid?

1. origin (two heads): sternum, clavicle 2. insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone 3. action: rotates to side opposite of contraction (turning your head), laterally flexes to the contracted side, bilaterally produces flexion of the neck

what is the origin, insertion and action of the latissimus dorsi (superficial muscle)

1. origin: T7-L5, Sacrum, Iliac crest 2. insertion: intertubercular groove (wraps around the the front of the shoulder) 2. action: adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, downward rotation of the scapula

what is the origin, insertion and action of the scalenes?

1. origin: cervical vertebrae 2. insertion: first rib 3. action: elevates ribs for respiration, laterally flexes to the contracted side (ear to shoulder), bilaterally flexes neck (chin to chest)

what is the origin, insertion, and action of the trapezius (superficial muscle)?

1. origin: external occipital protuberance, spinous process of C7-T12 2. insertion: C-shaped circle, posterior (lateral 1/3 of clavicle), acromion, spine of scapula 3. action: shrugs shoulders, elevates scapula, upward and downward rotation of scapula, retracts scapula

what is the origin, insertion and action of the subclavius?

1. origin: first rib 2. insertion: clavicle 3. action: assists to stabilize clavicle, elevates 1st rib

what is the origin, insertion and action of the diaphragm?

1. origin: interior of ribs, sternum, and lumbar vertebrae 2. insertion: central tendon of the diaphragm 3. action: inspiration, depresses the floor of the thorax

what are the muscles of cervical flexion

3 scalenes and sternocleidomastoid

what is the connective tissue sheets within the body?

Fascia

muscle fibers designed for speed (hand intrinsics), thicker diameter (ex: sprinters recruit these muscles)

Fast twitch, Type II muscle fibers

what is the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber?

sarcolemma

what is an example of lumbar flexion?

sit-up

which muscle type accounts for 40% of our body weight?

skeletal

which type of muscle tissue makes up the largest mass of muscle in our bodies?

skeletal

which muscle tissues are striated (striped)?

skeletal, cardiac

which motor units are used for fine detail movement, ex: bicep curl with light weight (small or large)

small motor unit

Cardiac muscle is found only where?

the heart

(T/F?) Skeletal muscles produce motion by shortening. they PULL- NEVER PUSH

true

which fascia helps connect and suspend the organs within their respective cavities (superficial, muscular, or visceral?)

visceral fascia