ANATOMY - PELVIC/GLUTEAL/LOWER LIMB REGION
distal tarsal bones
cuboid and cuneiforms
tibialis anterior inserts on
cuneiforms
lateral ad medial meniscus of knee joint acts as
cushion for femur impact on tibia
shape of popliteal fossa
diamond
foot region
distal to ankle joint
fovea
divot in head
tibialis anterior
dorsiflex foot at ankle invert foot support of medial foot arch
fibularis tertius
dorsiflexes and everts foot
fibularis brevis
evert foot
extensor hallucis longus
extend great toe dorsiflex foot
vastus intermedius
extend leg at knee
vastus lateralis
extend leg at knee
vastus medialis
extend leg at knee
extensor digitorum longus
extend toes dorsiflex foot
gluteus maximus
extends hip extensor of flexed femur at hip joint lateral stabilizer of hip and knee joint laterally rotates and abducts thigh inserts on IT band
anterior leg muscles are
extensors
acetabulum is where which bone will articulate
femoral head
what areas is the tibia related to
femur of thigh and leg
lateral leg muscles are
fibular
lateral leg muscles
fibularis longus fibularis brevis
condyles of the femur
fits into tibia
biceps femoris
flex and laterally rotate leg at knee joint extend and laterally rotate thigh at hip joint
Flexor Hallacus Longus (deep leg)
flex great toe
rectus femoris
flex thigh at hip joint extend leg at knee joint
Sartorius
flex thigh at hip joint flex leg at knee joint
Semimembranosus
flex/medially rotate leg at knee joint extend/medial rotate thigh at hip joint
Semitendinosus
flex/medially rotate leg at knee joint extend/medially rotate thigh at hip joint
flexor digitorum longus (deep leg)
flexes 4 toes
iliacus
flexes hip
psoas major
flexes hip
posterior leg muscles are
flexors
interosseuos membrane ]
forms membranous joint between leg bones
synostosis
fuses ischium and pubis at age 9
origin muscles of IT band
glute max and TFL
deep glute muscles
glute medius glute minimus piriformis gemellus inferior and superior quadratus femoris obturator internus
which regions is the femur related to
gluteal and thigh
superficial glute muscles
gluteus maximus tensor fasciae latae iliotibial band
which glute muscles abduct the hip
gluteus medius and minimus
medial thigh muscles
gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus
where in the hip bone does the sciatic nerve run thru
greater sciatic notch
obturator artery supplies
head of the femur
gluteal and thigh region joins at
hip joint
acetabulum
hip socket that holds femoral head
Head of femur is covered with
hyaline cartilage
fovea of femur head is not covered with
hyaline cartilage
floor of femoral triangle
iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus
most superior hip bone
ilium
the articular surface is where
ilium articulates with sacrum
hip bone
ilium, ischium, pubis
superiorly, where does the fibula articulate
inferior aspect of lateral condyle of proximal tibia
hip joint location
inferior to middle third of inguinal ligament
what makes of the base of the femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
femoral triangle formed by
inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
tibialias posterior
inversion and plantar flexion of toes support medial arch while walking
What part of the hip bone do we sit on?
ischial tuberosity
most posterior hip bone
ischium
the proximal end of the tibia helps form
knee joint
LCL
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
where on the tibia does the femur condyles sit
lateral and medial tibial plateau
obturator internus
lateral roation extended femur at hip joint abducts flexed femur at hip joint
obturator externus
lateral rotate thigh at hip
gemellus superior and inferior
lateral rotation extended femur at hip joint abducts flexed femur at hip joint
piriformis
lateral rotation of extended femur at hip joint abduct flexed femur at hip joint
quadratus femoris
lateral rotation of femur at hip joint
fibula
lateral side
tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges are related to
leg and foot
tendons
muscle to bone
intermediate tarsal bone
navicular
talus articulates with which other ankle one
navicular
lateral to medial containment of femoral triangle (NAVEL)
nerve, artery, vein, empty, lymphatics
Does the fibula articulate with the femur?
no
the ligament of the head of the femur surrounds ______
obturator artery
the obturator nerve passes thru
obturator foramen
where does the patella sit
on top of anterior portion of femur
ligament of the head of the femur attaches
one end of fovea and other end to acetabular fossa
knee joint ligaments
patellar posterior cruciate anterior cruciate fibular collateral tibial collateral
where does the patella sit on the femur
patellar surface
where does the femur articulate
pelvic bone at hip joint
glute muscles rotate hip
piriformis obturator internus gemelli quadratus femoris
soleus
plantar flex foot
fibularis longus
plantar flex foot evert foot support foot arch
Gastrocnemius
plantar flex foot flex knee
Why is the popliteal fossa important?
point where major nerves and vessels pass btw thigh and leg
plantar flexion
pointing toes
apex of femoral triangle
points inferiorly and ends in adductor canal which descends medially down thigh opening into popliteal fossa
pelvic axis is measured when and why
pregnant females to ensure natural birth can happen
iliopsoas made up of
psoas major and iliacus
what glute muscles are flexors of the hip
psoas major and iliacus
most anterior hip bone
pubis
patella is embdedded in
quadriceps tendon
which anterior thigh muscles make up the quads
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
tendons of the foot are bunched together by
retinacula
Illitobial band
runs down lateral thigh and inserts on tibia
pelvic brim
separates true and false pelvis
LCL and MCL prevent
side to side movement of knee joint
symphysial surface
site of articulation between pubic bones
knees locked when
slight medial rotation of femur on tibia making ligaments tight to stand
abduction of toes
spread toes apart
popliteus function
stabalize knee by resisting tibial lateral rotation -unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
tensor fasciae latae
stabalize knee in extension inserts into IT band
the fibula is not weightbearing but ____
stabalizes
which retinacula keep the tendons of the foot in place
superior extensor retinacula inferior extensor retinacula
tibial articular surface articulates with which ankle bone
talus
which main ankle bone articulates with the tibia and fibula
talus
ankle bones TIGER CUBS NEED MILC
talus calcaneus navicular medial cuneiform itermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform cuboid
proximal tarsal bones
talus and calcaneus
tarsal tunnel function
tendons of leg muscles pass thru on way to foot and toes
popliteal fossa formed by
thigh and leg muscles
plantar foot muscles: layer 4
third plantar interosseous first dorsal interosseous
Which bone of the leg is weight bearing?
tibia
where is the fibula anchored to distally
tibia; forms lateral malleolus of ankle joint
anterior leg muscles
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
plantar aponeurosis
tough connective tissue that supports walking
where is the attachment of the knee joint menisci on the tibia
tubercles of intercondylar eminence
false pelvis
upper part forming ala
anterior thigh muscles
vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, sartorius
standing
weightbearing motion with knees locked
cruciate ligaments of knee function
- cross for stability
femoral triangle contains
-femoral vein, artery, and nerve - lymphatics that pass from ab to lower limb
plantar foot muscles: layer 1
abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
abducts hip abduct femur medially rotate thigh holds pelvis secure over stance leg prevent pelvic droop on opposite swing side
2 main components of hip joint other than synovial membrane
acetabulum and femur
where do the hip bones fuse and form
acetabulum by triradiate cartilage
gastroc and soleus insert on
achilles tendon
pectineus
adduct and flex thigh at hip joint
adductor brevis
adduct and medial rotate thigh at hip
adductor longus
adduct and medial rotate thigh at hip
adductor magnus
adduct and medial rotate thigh at hip
gracillis
adduct thigh at hip flex leg at knee
plantar foot muscles: layer 3
adductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis flexor digiti minimi
the foot is subdivided into
ankle metatarsus digits/phalanges
the foot is distal to
ankle joint
The patella sits what to the knee joint?
anterior
leg muscle compartments
anterior posterior lateral
posterior cruciate ligament attachment
anterior femur to posterior middle tibia
spines of the hip bone
anterior superior iliac spine anterior inferior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine posterior superior iliac spine
compartments of thigh muscles
anterior, medial, posterior
thigh region location
anterior: btw inguinal ligament and knee joint
acetabular labrum
area where rim of acetabulum sticks out
patellar ligament attaches
attaches patella to tibial tuberosity
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) attachment
back of femur to front of tibia
politeus location
back of knee
Dorsiflexion
bend foot back
gluteal region location
between iliac crest and gluteal fold (defines lower limit of butt) - does not have anterior side
leg region location
between knee and ankle joint
posterior thigh muscles
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
true pelvis contains
bit of ilium, all of ischium and pubis
linea aspera
bone line on femur that runs posterior
ligaments
bone to bone
acetabular fossa is filled with
cartilage
ankle joint has
7
biceps femoris has how many heads and what are they
2 ; short and long
what age do the hip bones fuse
26
the obturator foramen is formed by how many bones
3
leg is also known as
Crural
plantar foot muscles: layer 2
lumbrical muscles flexor hallucis longus (tendon) flexor digitorum longus (tendon) quadratus pantae
what goes thru the femoral triangle
major blood supply, femoral and sciatic nerves enter thigh from ab
The tibia is ______________ to the fibula.
medial
MCL
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
distal end of knee joint helps form
medial malleolus and most of the surface for articulation of leg w foot
medial border of femoral triangle
medial margin of adductor longus
lateral margin of femoral triangle
medial margin of sartorious
cuneiforms
medial, intermediate, lateral
intermediate cuneiform
middle cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
most lateral cuneiform (closer to pinky toe)
medial cuneiform
most medial cuneiform