Cell Structure and Transport

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Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from what kind of cell?

Prokaryote, Bacteria Cell

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

Plant: chloroplasts, cell wall & central vacuole (not found in animal cells)

List several examples of substances that must enter a cell by active transport.

Potassium ions, large molecules

__________ are the smallest units of life in all living things.

Cells

What does the cell theory state?

Cells are basic units of life, all living things are made up of cells & all cells are produced by existing cells

What is Cytolysis?

Cells burst due to hypertonic solutions

What is plasmolysis?

Cells shrink due to hypertonic solutions

Plant cells have a large membrane-bound organelle in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. What is this organelle called?

Central Vacuole

Which organelle is involved in photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll?

Chloroplasts

What is present in ALL CELLS (whether they are prokaryotes or eukaryotes)?

DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasma membrane

What types of cell transports do not expend energy (passive)?

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, ion channels

What is Diffusion?

Do not require energy. Molecules goes from high to low concentration.

Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you can find that the cell has a nucleus, several membrane bound organelles including lysosomes, a plasma membrane and NO cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from what kind of cell?

Eukaryote, Animal cell

What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes- Single or mutlicellular organisms... have nucleus and membrane bound organelles... plant & animal cells are eukaryotes Prokaryotes- Generally single celled organisms like bacteria... do NOT contain a nucleus or other membrane organelles.

What types of cell transports do expend energy (active)?

Membrane pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis

Why would a cell that can change its shape be well suited for moving to different tissues through narrow openings?

Moving to different tissues through narrow openings

Describe the relationship between the structure and function of muscle cells (how does their shape relate to what they do)?

Muscle cells are long and slender, like a rope, and that allows them to pull, which helps them perform their function of pulling your body parts

What is facilitated diffusion?

Not all molecules can pass through membranes. (Glucose, Amino Acids, Ions). Carrier Proteins transport large molecules. Ion channels allow ions to cross the membrane.

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the?

Nuclear envelop

Who was the first person to identify and see cells?

Robert Hooke

What does the plasma membrane do?

Separates cell from its external environment, gives cell its shape, metabolism & communication

Why is surface area an important factor in limiting cell growth?

The cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes

What will happen to a plant in a hypertonic environment?

Water moves out of a cell and cell shrivels up

The discovery of cells was made observing which type of cell?

cork cells

The mesh-like network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the _______.

cytoskeleton (microtubules & microfilaments)

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by?

endocytosis

Ridding cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called?

exocytosis

Which organelle receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and release them in vesicles?

golgi apparatus

Where is a cell's ATP produced?

mitochondria

The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called?

osmosis

Which organelle make proteins?

ribosome


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