Cell Structure and Transport
Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from what kind of cell?
Prokaryote, Bacteria Cell
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.
Plant: chloroplasts, cell wall & central vacuole (not found in animal cells)
List several examples of substances that must enter a cell by active transport.
Potassium ions, large molecules
__________ are the smallest units of life in all living things.
Cells
What does the cell theory state?
Cells are basic units of life, all living things are made up of cells & all cells are produced by existing cells
What is Cytolysis?
Cells burst due to hypertonic solutions
What is plasmolysis?
Cells shrink due to hypertonic solutions
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound organelle in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. What is this organelle called?
Central Vacuole
Which organelle is involved in photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll?
Chloroplasts
What is present in ALL CELLS (whether they are prokaryotes or eukaryotes)?
DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasma membrane
What types of cell transports do not expend energy (passive)?
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, ion channels
What is Diffusion?
Do not require energy. Molecules goes from high to low concentration.
Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you can find that the cell has a nucleus, several membrane bound organelles including lysosomes, a plasma membrane and NO cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from what kind of cell?
Eukaryote, Animal cell
What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes- Single or mutlicellular organisms... have nucleus and membrane bound organelles... plant & animal cells are eukaryotes Prokaryotes- Generally single celled organisms like bacteria... do NOT contain a nucleus or other membrane organelles.
What types of cell transports do expend energy (active)?
Membrane pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
Why would a cell that can change its shape be well suited for moving to different tissues through narrow openings?
Moving to different tissues through narrow openings
Describe the relationship between the structure and function of muscle cells (how does their shape relate to what they do)?
Muscle cells are long and slender, like a rope, and that allows them to pull, which helps them perform their function of pulling your body parts
What is facilitated diffusion?
Not all molecules can pass through membranes. (Glucose, Amino Acids, Ions). Carrier Proteins transport large molecules. Ion channels allow ions to cross the membrane.
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the?
Nuclear envelop
Who was the first person to identify and see cells?
Robert Hooke
What does the plasma membrane do?
Separates cell from its external environment, gives cell its shape, metabolism & communication
Why is surface area an important factor in limiting cell growth?
The cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes
What will happen to a plant in a hypertonic environment?
Water moves out of a cell and cell shrivels up
The discovery of cells was made observing which type of cell?
cork cells
The mesh-like network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the _______.
cytoskeleton (microtubules & microfilaments)
Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by?
endocytosis
Ridding cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called?
exocytosis
Which organelle receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and release them in vesicles?
golgi apparatus
Where is a cell's ATP produced?
mitochondria
The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called?
osmosis
Which organelle make proteins?
ribosome
