Anatomy
A ? molecule is similar to a fat molecule in that it consists of a glycerol portion and fatty acid chains. They also, however have only two fatty acid chains.
Phospholipid
When electrons are not shared equally, resulting in a molecule whose shape gives an uneven distribution of charges. Such a molecule is called ?
Polar
The part of an enzyme that combines with a specific part of the substrate is called the
active site.
Chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen atoms are called ?
Organic
This means that the product of the reaction can change back to the reactant that originally underwent the reaction.
A Reversible Reaction
Hydrogen bonding and even covalent bonding between atoms in different parts of the polypeptide give the final protein a distinctive three-dimensional shape, or ?
Conformation
The chemical bond between the atoms that share electrons is called a ?
Covalent Bond
These are electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
Acids
The building blocks of proteins are ?
Amino Acids
The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called the element's ?
Atomic Number
The ? of an atom of an element approximately equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus; electrons have very little weight.
Atomic Weight
These electrolytes release ions that bond with hydrogen ions are called ?
Bases
These are chemicals that resist pH change.
Buffers
These provide much of the energy that cells require. They supply materials to build certain cell structures and often are stored as reserve energy supplies.
Carbohydrates
Some atoms can combine with atoms like themselves or with other atoms by forming attractions called ?, whereas other atoms cannot form such bonds.
Chemical Bonds
When atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called ?
Compounds
The second type-? (?)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Some complex carbohydrates, such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar), are double sugars, or ?
Disaccharides
Substances that release ions in water are, therefore, called ?
Electrolytes
In this reaction, parts of two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.
Exchange Reaction
An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
False
Enzymes are nucleic acids that promote specific chemical reactions.
False
Translation is the assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a transfer RNA molecule.
False
The building blocks of ? molecules are fatty acids and glycerol.
Fat
These are used to store energy for cellular activities.
Fats
A value called pH measure ? ion concentration
Hydrogen
The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a ?
Hydrogen Bond
Atoms whose outermost electron shells are filled, have stable structures are ?
Inert
Chemicals that do not include both carbon and hydrogen atoms are called ?
Inorganic
Oppositely charged ions attract, sodium and chloride ions react to form a type of chemical bond called an ?
Ionic Bond
Atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged and are called ?
Ions
Atoms of an element with different weights are called ? of that element.
Isotopes
These are organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents, such as ether or chloroform.
Lipids
A ? represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule.
Molecular Formula
When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a ?
Molecule
Sugars with 6 carbons atoms (hexoses) are examples of simple sugars, or ?
Monosaccharides
These form genes and take part in protein synthesis.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids include atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which form building blocks called ?.
Nucleotides
Other complex carbohydrates are made up of many simple sugar unites joined to form ?.
Polysaccharides
Which of the following chemicals is not an inorganic substance?
Protein
These have a wide variety of functions in the body. Many serve as structural materials, energy sources, or hormones.
Proteins
Nucleic Acids are of two types-one type ? (?)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
These molecules are complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon atoms.
Steroid
Single lines represent single bonds, and double lines represent double bonds. Illustrations of this type are called ?.
Structure Formulas
Carbohydrates with shorter chains are called ?
Sugars
When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product), the reaction is called ?.
Synthesis
A molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of atoms.
True
The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present.
True
The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the
cytosol.
A protein that is altered by exposure to certain chemicals, heat, extremes of pH, electricity, or radiation, is said to be
denatured.
An example of catabolism is
hydrolysis.
The genetic code
is a sequence of nucleic acid bases that instructs cells how to make specific protein molecules.
During the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration, one molecule of glucose
is broken down to yield two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Genes carry information that instructs a cell to
make specific proteins from amino acids.
The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of
messenger RNA.
The organelle that houses the reactions of aerobic respiration is the
mitochondrion.
In dehydration synthesis
monosaccharides are joined.
The parts of a DNA molecule that contain the genetic information for making particular proteins are the
nitrogenous bases.
A sucrose molecule decomposing to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
uses a water molecule.