Anatomy

A ? molecule is similar to a fat molecule in that it consists of a glycerol portion and fatty acid chains. They also, however have only two fatty acid chains.

Phospholipid

When electrons are not shared equally, resulting in a molecule whose shape gives an uneven distribution of charges. Such a molecule is called ?

Polar

The part of an enzyme that combines with a specific part of the substrate is called the

active site.

Chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen atoms are called ?

Organic

This means that the product of the reaction can change back to the reactant that originally underwent the reaction.

A Reversible Reaction

Hydrogen bonding and even covalent bonding between atoms in different parts of the polypeptide give the final protein a distinctive three-dimensional shape, or ?

Conformation

The chemical bond between the atoms that share electrons is called a ?

Covalent Bond

These are electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water.

Acids

The building blocks of proteins are ?

Amino Acids

The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called the element's ?

Atomic Number

The ? of an atom of an element approximately equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus; electrons have very little weight.

Atomic Weight

These electrolytes release ions that bond with hydrogen ions are called ?

Bases

These are chemicals that resist pH change.

Buffers

These provide much of the energy that cells require. They supply materials to build certain cell structures and often are stored as reserve energy supplies.

Carbohydrates

Some atoms can combine with atoms like themselves or with other atoms by forming attractions called ?, whereas other atoms cannot form such bonds.

Chemical Bonds

When atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called ?

Compounds

The second type-? (?)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Some complex carbohydrates, such as sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar), are double sugars, or ?

Disaccharides

Substances that release ions in water are, therefore, called ?

Electrolytes

In this reaction, parts of two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.

Exchange Reaction

An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.

False

Enzymes are nucleic acids that promote specific chemical reactions.

False

Translation is the assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in a transfer RNA molecule.

False

The building blocks of ? molecules are fatty acids and glycerol.

Fat

These are used to store energy for cellular activities.

Fats

A value called pH measure ? ion concentration

Hydrogen

The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a ?

Hydrogen Bond

Atoms whose outermost electron shells are filled, have stable structures are ?

Inert

Chemicals that do not include both carbon and hydrogen atoms are called ?

Inorganic

Oppositely charged ions attract, sodium and chloride ions react to form a type of chemical bond called an ?

Ionic Bond

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged and are called ?

Ions

Atoms of an element with different weights are called ? of that element.

Isotopes

These are organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents, such as ether or chloroform.

Lipids

A ? represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule.

Molecular Formula

When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a ?

Molecule

Sugars with 6 carbons atoms (hexoses) are examples of simple sugars, or ?

Monosaccharides

These form genes and take part in protein synthesis.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids include atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which form building blocks called ?.

Nucleotides

Other complex carbohydrates are made up of many simple sugar unites joined to form ?.

Polysaccharides

Which of the following chemicals is not an inorganic substance?

Protein

These have a wide variety of functions in the body. Many serve as structural materials, energy sources, or hormones.

Proteins

Nucleic Acids are of two types-one type ? (?)

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

These molecules are complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon atoms.

Steroid

Single lines represent single bonds, and double lines represent double bonds. Illustrations of this type are called ?.

Structure Formulas

Carbohydrates with shorter chains are called ?

Sugars

When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product), the reaction is called ?.

Synthesis

A molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of atoms.

True

The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present.

True

The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the

cytosol.

A protein that is altered by exposure to certain chemicals, heat, extremes of pH, electricity, or radiation, is said to be

denatured.

An example of catabolism is

hydrolysis.

The genetic code

is a sequence of nucleic acid bases that instructs cells how to make specific protein molecules.

During the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration, one molecule of glucose

is broken down to yield two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Genes carry information that instructs a cell to

make specific proteins from amino acids.

The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of

messenger RNA.

The organelle that houses the reactions of aerobic respiration is the

mitochondrion.

In dehydration synthesis

monosaccharides are joined.

The parts of a DNA molecule that contain the genetic information for making particular proteins are the

nitrogenous bases.

A sucrose molecule decomposing to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

uses a water molecule.