Anatomy test 3 Hemoglobin

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a ANSWER: temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. built-in system for clotting. viscosity about the same as water. red color from hemoglobin. pH of 7.4.

viscosity about the same as water.

The most abundant component of plasma is (are) ANSWER: proteins. water. gases. nutrients. ions.

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called ANSWER: lymph. packed blood. extracellular fluid. whole blood. serum.

whole blood

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are ANSWER: neutrophils. leukocytes. basophils. monocytes. lymphocytes.

Neutrophils

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? ANSWER: during coagulation iron-deficient diet low blood volume low hematocrit an alcoholic with a damaged liver

an alcoholic with a damaged liver

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? ANSWER: basophils antibodies lymphocytes platelets RBCs

antibodies

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? ANSWER: are involved in cell mediated immunity adhere to collagen beneath endothelium produce antibodies in response to antigens kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide often elevated in allergic individuals

are involved in cell mediated immunity

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when ANSWER: blood pressure increases. coagulation begins. blood flow to the kidney declines. oxygen levels in the blood increase. carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease.

blood flow to the kidney declines

Eosinophils function in ANSWER: production of heparin. production of surface antigens for red blood cells. destroying antibody-labeled antigens. blood coagulation. antibody production.

destroying antibody- labeled antigens

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the ANSWER: platelets. lymphocytes. monocytes. eosinophils. neutrophils.

eosinophils

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? ANSWER: hemosiderin transferrin ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin hemoglobin ferritin

ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is ANSWER: fibrinogen. albumin alpha. immunoglobulin A. metalloprotein D. lipoprotein C

fibrinogen

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the ANSWER: antibodies. leukocytes. clotting factors. plasma. formed elements.

formed elements

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the ANSWER: specific gravity. differential cell count. hematocrit. packed volume. viscosity.

hematocrit

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as ANSWER: hemoglobin. ferritin. hemosiderin and ferritin. transferrin. hemosiderin.

hemosiderin and ferritin.

After blood is fractionated, ANSWER: its components are separated for the purpose of analysis. antibody and antigen can be added together to look for a reaction. the percentage of each type of white blood cell can be determined. specimens can be sent to the labs for identification of bacteria, viruses, etc. it can be transfused immediately into the recipient.

its components are separated for the purpose of analysis.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? ANSWER: brain liver kidney heart pancreas

liver

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the ANSWER: monocytes. erythrocytes. basophils. lymphocytes. neutrophils.

lymphocytes

Which of the following cells arise from a lymphoid stem cell? ANSWER: neutrophils monocytes lymphocytes megakaryocytes

lymphocytes

The agranular leukocyte (agranulocyte) that can differentiate into a cell that is capable of phagocytosis is the __________. ANSWER: eosinophil monocyte neutrophil lymphocyte

monocyte

Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells? ANSWER: lymphocytes neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes basophils and eosinophils lymphocytes and monocytes platelets

neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except ANSWER: as a consequence of hemorrhage. when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. anemia. periods of fasting. high altitude.

periods of fasting

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of ANSWER: water. glucose. proteins. electrolytes. nitrogen wastes.

proteins

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is ANSWER: excreted by the intestines. recycled to the red bone marrow. excreted by the liver. excreted by the kidneys. stored in yellow bone marrow.

recycled to the red bone marrow.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in ANSWER: red bone marrow. lymphoid tissue. the spleen. the liver. yellow bone marrow.

red bone marrow

The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the ANSWER: spleen. thymus. kidneys. lymph nodes. red bone marrow.

red bone marrow

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as ANSWER: reticulocytes. myeloid cells. band forms. proerythrocytes. hemocytoblasts.

reticulocytes

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. ANSWER: Band cells Normoblasts Reticulocytes Myeloblasts Erythroblasts

reticulocytes

Mrs. Higgins needs to have major surgery. Two weeks before the surgery, her doctor prescribes EPO. Which of the following statements best explains his reason for doing this? ANSWER: After she takes EPO, Mrs. Higgins's risk of infection will go down because of increased production of WBCs. By prescribing EPO, the doctor can stimulate Mrs. Higgins's body to produce an overabundance of RBCs, which can be harvested and saved for her surgery. By prescribing EPO, the doctor will decrease her hematocrit so that her blood is less likely to clot during surgery. By prescribing EPO, the doctor will be able to increase oxygen levels because EPO causes hemoglobin to bind oxygen more efficiently.

By prescribing EPO, the doctor can stimulate Mrs. Higgins's body to produce an overabundance of RBCs, which can be harvested and saved for her surgery.

Which of the following statements is true about hemoglobin? ANSWER: Each hemoglobin molecule can carry four oxygen atoms. Each hemoglobin molecule is made up of one alpha and one beta chain of polypeptide. All that is needed to bind oxygen is a molecule of heme. Hemoglobin can only bind oxygen.

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry four oxygen atoms.

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is ANSWER: thymosin. GM-CSF. multi-CSF. M-CSF. G-CSF.

Gm-CSF

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that ANSWER: she may be suffering from a form of leukemia. her hemoglobin level is normal. she has fewer red blood cells than normal. her hematocrit is probably lower than normal. she is suffering from anemia.

Her hemoglobin level is normal

What is the role of transferrin in the cycle shown above? It transports iron ions in the plasma. It activates marrow to increase RBC production. It binds to bilirubin for excretion. It combines with heme to form hemoglobin.

It transports iron ions in the plasma

Which of the following statements about blood is false? ANSWER: Blood is more viscous than water. Cells in blood comprise the formed elements. The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. Blood is about 55 percent plasma. Blood contains buffers that control pH.

The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.

Which of these statements about basophils is FALSE? ANSWER: They contain cytoplasmic granules. They are abundant. They promote inflammation. They release histamine.

They are abundant

Suzie was sewing when she accidently punctured her finger with the needle. Several days later, it is filled with pus. Which statement provides an explanation of how the WBCs were able to populate that wound? ANSWER: WBCs move through tissues using amebic motion. WBCs are positively attracted to specific chemical stimuli. WBCs can migrate out of the blood stream. WBCs demonstrate all of the listed properties, allowing them to locate the wound.

WBCs demonstrate all of the listed properties, allowing them to locate the wound.

Which of the following is not true of monocytes? ANSWER: can phagocytize bacteria about same size as basophils become macrophages enter tissues and wander are long-lived

about same size as basophils

The most abundant plasma protein is ANSWER: fibrinogen. transferrin. hemoglobin. antibodies. albumin.

albumin

You have spent 24 hours traveling from the U.S to New Zealand, on quite a few airplanes with many stops. Because of the stress, changes in time zones, and short blocks of time between planes, you find yourself tired with a headache when you arrive. You are severely dehydrated. A hematocrit value on your blood would be ________ than normal because ________. ANSWER: higher; more plasma proteins are made by the liver higher; you have less blood plasma volume lower; the bone marrow is making fewer red blood cells due to the latitude of the airplanes lower; more red blood are being made by the bone marrow

higher; you have less blood plasma volume

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the ANSWER: immunoglobulins. albumins. lipoproteins. metalloproteins. fibrinogens.

immunoglobins