Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile

Egyptians carved hieroglyphics on stone because papyrus was hard to obtain.

False

Hyksos

a Semitic people who invaded Egypt and ruled it during the 17th and 16th centuries BC; introduced the horse and chariot into Egypt; term is Egyptian for "rulers of foreign lands"

At the end of the Middle Kingdom, Egypt was taken over by the a. Hyksos. c. Lydians. b. Akkadians. d. Sumerians.

a. Hyksos.

Who was the last Great Pharaoh of Egypt? a. Ramses II c. Amenhotep IV b. Mentuhotep I d. Menes VIII

a. Ramses II

The Rosetta Stone was important because it a. helped decode hieroglyphics. c. showed the Phoenician alphabet. b. helped decode cuneiform. d. explained Egyptian religious beliefs.

a. helped decode hieroglyphics.

Egypt remained stable through many dynastic changes because____________. a. it was geographically isolated b. Egyptians invented the chariot c. of their monotheistic religion d. the government signed peace treaties with other empires

a. it was geographically isolated

All of the following statements are true about the Rosetta Stone, except a. it was discovered by a French soldier. c. it was written in Greek and Egyptian. b. it was written by priests. d. it helped to solve the mystery of the Egyptian calendar.

d. it helped to solve the mystery of the Egyptian calendar.

Geography

-Nile River - Eastern Africa -Mediterranean Sea supported life and development of civilization (isolated itself and its inhabitants from the rest) -Fertile soil -Frost-free warm climate -Calculated flooding -Granite/limestone -Protection from invaders

Rosetta Stone

A stone slab found in 1799 near Rosetta, bearing parallel inscriptions in Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphic, and demotic characters, making possible the deciphering of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics; written by priests and found by a French soldier; the text on the stone is a decree from Ptolemy V, describing the repealing of various taxes and instructions to erect statues in temples.

The Middle Kingdom

Egypt's golden age; Mentuhotep I advanced the kingdom and created peace and prosperity; invaded by Hyksos (foreigners); new technology (chariot, compound bow, etc)

Papyrus

an early form of paper made from a reed-like plant in marshy areas of the Nile delta; was abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt but now extinct in Egypt

Pharaoh

ancient Egyptian monarchs; the term began as a reference to the king's palace, but the meaning loosened over the course of Egyptian history until in the late period it was interchangeable with the Egyptian word for king.

Egypt was ruled by a(n) ___________ or 'ruling family' . a. kingdom c. empire b. dynasty d. democracy

b. dynasty

Papyrus was a paper-like material made out of ___________. a. the stalk of the papyrus plant c. the leaves of the papyrus plant b. the pith of the papyrus plant d. none of the above

b. the pith of the papyrus plant

The geography around the Nile River contributed to the growth of civilization by __________. a. protection from invaders c. providing a frost-free environment b. providing rich soil d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The New Kingdom

becomes an empire and expands borders through trade; Hatshepsut (first female pharaoh) and son Thutmose III; pharaoh Amenhotep IV tried to introduce monotheism

The Nile River begins in East Africa and ends at the ______________ Sea. a. Red c. Mediterranean b. Black d. Indian

c. Mediterranean

In the Egyptian Old Kingdom, the struggle by merchants for greater power led to a. foreign invasions. c. internal strife. b. belief in new gods. d. lack of trade with the outside world.

c. internal strife.

Which of the following statements is not true of the New Kingdom of Egypt? a. During the New Kingdom Egypt became an Empire. b. Hatshepsut became the first female Pharaoh. c. Thutmose III expanded the borders of Egypt. d. The merchants' struggle for power caused a great deal of internal strife.

d. The merchants' struggle for power caused a great deal of internal strife.

Dynasty

family of rulers; right to rule is hereditary

Hieroglyphs

form of ancient writing developed by the Nile River valley people by about 3000 BC; cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature by the Egyptians; 600 signs; originally carved into stone, later written on papyrus (an early form of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant)

Empire

form of government that unites different territories over a vast area of land and sea under one ruler.

hieroglyphics

form of writing developed by people of the Nile River valley

Menes

king of Egypt who founded the first dynasty uniting Upper and Lower Egypt; founded the city of Memphis and chose an island in the Nile as its location so it would be easy to defend. king of the Upper Kingdom; founded the first dynasty; first pharaoh

Monotheism

the belief in one god; Amenhotep IV tried to introduce monotheism to the Egyptians

The Old Kingdom

the first dynasty; created by Menes; known for art and science; two classes of society; internal strife due to classes of society; merchants struggled for power

Ramses II

the last great pharaoh of Egypt

Polytheism

the worship of many gods; practiced by Ancient Egyptian kingdoms