Animal Diversity Lab Exam #2 (mammals)
What is the function of the dermis in mammals?
Moderate blood pressure and body temp
What are the three groups of mammal reproduction?
Monotremes, marsupials, and placentals
Small tubules that separate water, ions, and inorganic items
Nephrons
What is the flow path of oxygen between the nose and lungs?
Nostrils>pharynx>larynx>trachea>lungs
Define "heterodont dentition".
Not all the same teeth
Monotremes lay eggs and are __________.
Oviparous
What is the fur, wool, or hair of a mammal called?
Pelage
What is the function of canines?
Piercing
What is the function of a mammal's guard hair?
Protection and coloration
Exhalation causes the diaphragm to ___.
Relax
What is the function of premolars?
Shearing & slicing
Do carnivores have shorter or longer intestines than herbivores?
Shorter intestines
What organ is responsible for nutrient absorption?
Small intestine
What is the function of incisors?
Snipping & biting
What is an erythrocyte?
Specialized blood cells which carry oxygen
What are the three bones in a mammal's ear?
Stapes, incus, and malleus
Describe a mammal's heart.
4-chambered Right and left ventricles completely separated
Most mammals have __ cervical (neck) vertebrae with fused pelvic bones.
7 neck vertebrae
What three things does an axial skeleton contain?
Braincase, backbone, and ribs
What is the blind sac at the end of the small intestine (final breakdown)?
Cecum
The ___________ is at the anterior end of the hind brain in mammals.
Cerebellum
To which class do these animals belong?
Class Mammalia
Where does solid waste end (reabsorbs water)?
Colon
Inhalation causes the diaphragm to _______.
Contract
What is the purpose of the cerebellum in mammals?
Controls motor functions
What is the function of molars?
Crushing & grinding
What is a mammal's principle muscle of respiration?
Diaphragm
What two things make up a mammal's skin?
Epidermis and dermis
What does a mammal's integument contain?
Sweat (cooling), scent, sebaceous and mammary glands
In mammals, ventilation is made possible by the evolution of a _________ (chest) cavity and a diaphragm
Thoracic
What is the technical term for "ear drum"?
Tympanic membrane
How many teeth do humans have?
32 teeth
Define diphyodont teeth.
"Milk" teeth
Describe the contractions of a mammal's heart.
"Myogenic" (generated by muscle)
What is the difference between altricial and precocial young?
Altricial = born undeveloped and very dependent Precocial = born highly developed and relatively independent
What is the function of a mammal's underfur?
Insulation
What does the visceral skeleton contain?
Jaw, hyoid apparatus, and the middle ear bones
What does the appendicular skeleton contain?
Limbs
Marsupials are pouched animals and are therefore __________.
Viviparous
Placentals give birth to highly-developed young and are _____.
Viviparous
What is a mammal's vibrissa?
Whisker (primarily sensory)