Animal Kingdom

Sexual reproduction

What process helps a species mantain genetic diversity

segmentation

A body that is constructed of many repeated and similar parts, or segments, exhibits

Blastiula

After a zygote undergoes a series of divisions, it becomes a ....

multicellular eukaryotic cell walls heterotrophs

Animals are this/or composed of many cells. Those cells are _____ meaning that they contain a nucleus and organelles. Animal cells do NOT have ___________; they are surrounded only by a cell membrane. Animals are ________, because they obtain nutrients by feeding on other organisms.

Nerve cells

Animals respond to events in their environment using specialized cells called

Verts 5% fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, amphibians

Animals w/ backbonnes - examples % and category

Inverts 95% sponges, seastarts insects

Animals w/o backbones - examples % and categories

GERM LAYER -- LOCATION Endoderm -- innermost layer Mesoderm -- middle layer Ectoderm -- outermost layer

DEVELOPS INTO THESE BODY STRUCTURES digestive tract, respiratory system Muscles, circulatory, respiratory, excretory system skin and sense organs, nverves

TYPE OF SYMMETRY -- DESCRIPTION Radial -- body parts that repeat around the center Bilateral -- a single plane divides the body into two equal halves

EXAMPLES Coral, sea stars jellies Worms, arthroposs, vertebrates

Both are symbiotic - parasite feeds on host, harming it (host)

Explain difference between a parasite and a host

Tissues

Groups of specialized cells form this

More complex more quickly

How do animals with cephalization respond differently to the environment that animals without cephalization?

Front & back with cephalization many repeating body divisions

How do the body plans of animals with bilateral and radial symmetry differ?

They become specialized to carry out different functions

How have the cells of animals changed as animals have evolved?

Both form from indentation of blastula In deuterostomes it becomes the anus In procostomes it becomes the mouth

How is the blastopore of a protostome similar to that of a deuterostome? How do they differ?

Offspring has differences from parents (genetic) which might give them an advantage

How might sexual reproduction help a species cope with environmental change

Whole bunch

In an animal with radial symmetry, how many imaginary planes can be drawn through the center of the animal that would divide the animal in half?

After anus

In the development of a deuterostome, when is the mouth formed?

False

Most invertebrates are deuterostomes?

feeding reproduction respiration circulation excretion response movement

The seven essential functions that animals carry out

organ systems

Tissues, which form organs, which form.....

Herbivore - feeds on plants Carnivore - feeds on other animals Filter feeder - strains tiny floating organisms detritvore - feeds on decaying plant and animal material

Types of feeders and description

High levels of specialization and internal body organization Bilateral body symmetry Front end with head and sense organs - cephalization Colom - body cavity

What are four characteristics that complex animals tend to have/

Nerve cells that respond to sound, light and other stimuli (chemicals)

What are receptors, and what is their function?

segmentation cephalization organ systems coelom

What are some characteristics of complex animals?

Eukaryotic, multicellular, Heterotrophic, only cell membranes

What characteristics do ALL animals share?

takes on 02 gives off c02

What does an animal do when it respires?

Allons rapid increase in numbers

What does asexual reproduction allow animals to do

Can move Sessile can't

What does it mean that an animal is motile?

Eliminate ammonia/uerea or convert it to less toxic form

What does the excretory system of most animals do?

Muscle contractions (usually with skeleton)

What enables motil animals to move around?

Animal whose mouth is formed from blastopore

What is a protostome?

concentration of nerve and sense cells at front

What is cephalization?

Higher degree of cephalization - the more complex the animal

What is the relationship between the degree of cephalization and the complexity of the animal?

Provides space in which internal organs can be suspended so they are not crushed when moving Space to grow

Why is having a body cavity important?

So toxic substance like ammonia don't damage cells

Why must all living things excrete waste products?

front end

anterior

upper side

dorsal

back end

posterior

lower side

ventral