Animal Kingdom
Sexual reproduction
What process helps a species mantain genetic diversity
segmentation
A body that is constructed of many repeated and similar parts, or segments, exhibits
Blastiula
After a zygote undergoes a series of divisions, it becomes a ....
multicellular eukaryotic cell walls heterotrophs
Animals are this/or composed of many cells. Those cells are _____ meaning that they contain a nucleus and organelles. Animal cells do NOT have ___________; they are surrounded only by a cell membrane. Animals are ________, because they obtain nutrients by feeding on other organisms.
Nerve cells
Animals respond to events in their environment using specialized cells called
Verts 5% fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, amphibians
Animals w/ backbonnes - examples % and category
Inverts 95% sponges, seastarts insects
Animals w/o backbones - examples % and categories
GERM LAYER -- LOCATION Endoderm -- innermost layer Mesoderm -- middle layer Ectoderm -- outermost layer
DEVELOPS INTO THESE BODY STRUCTURES digestive tract, respiratory system Muscles, circulatory, respiratory, excretory system skin and sense organs, nverves
TYPE OF SYMMETRY -- DESCRIPTION Radial -- body parts that repeat around the center Bilateral -- a single plane divides the body into two equal halves
EXAMPLES Coral, sea stars jellies Worms, arthroposs, vertebrates
Both are symbiotic - parasite feeds on host, harming it (host)
Explain difference between a parasite and a host
Tissues
Groups of specialized cells form this
More complex more quickly
How do animals with cephalization respond differently to the environment that animals without cephalization?
Front & back with cephalization many repeating body divisions
How do the body plans of animals with bilateral and radial symmetry differ?
They become specialized to carry out different functions
How have the cells of animals changed as animals have evolved?
Both form from indentation of blastula In deuterostomes it becomes the anus In procostomes it becomes the mouth
How is the blastopore of a protostome similar to that of a deuterostome? How do they differ?
Offspring has differences from parents (genetic) which might give them an advantage
How might sexual reproduction help a species cope with environmental change
Whole bunch
In an animal with radial symmetry, how many imaginary planes can be drawn through the center of the animal that would divide the animal in half?
After anus
In the development of a deuterostome, when is the mouth formed?
False
Most invertebrates are deuterostomes?
feeding reproduction respiration circulation excretion response movement
The seven essential functions that animals carry out
organ systems
Tissues, which form organs, which form.....
Herbivore - feeds on plants Carnivore - feeds on other animals Filter feeder - strains tiny floating organisms detritvore - feeds on decaying plant and animal material
Types of feeders and description
High levels of specialization and internal body organization Bilateral body symmetry Front end with head and sense organs - cephalization Colom - body cavity
What are four characteristics that complex animals tend to have/
Nerve cells that respond to sound, light and other stimuli (chemicals)
What are receptors, and what is their function?
segmentation cephalization organ systems coelom
What are some characteristics of complex animals?
Eukaryotic, multicellular, Heterotrophic, only cell membranes
What characteristics do ALL animals share?
takes on 02 gives off c02
What does an animal do when it respires?
Allons rapid increase in numbers
What does asexual reproduction allow animals to do
Can move Sessile can't
What does it mean that an animal is motile?
Eliminate ammonia/uerea or convert it to less toxic form
What does the excretory system of most animals do?
Muscle contractions (usually with skeleton)
What enables motil animals to move around?
Animal whose mouth is formed from blastopore
What is a protostome?
concentration of nerve and sense cells at front
What is cephalization?
Higher degree of cephalization - the more complex the animal
What is the relationship between the degree of cephalization and the complexity of the animal?
Provides space in which internal organs can be suspended so they are not crushed when moving Space to grow
Why is having a body cavity important?
So toxic substance like ammonia don't damage cells
Why must all living things excrete waste products?
front end
anterior
upper side
dorsal
back end
posterior
lower side
ventral