ANPS LAB 9

Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg.

25 mm Hg

At which concentration of glucose carriers was the glucose concentration reduced to zero?

400

What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate?

80 - 140 ml/min

If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease?

net filtration would decrease

What is the limiting factor for the reabsorption of most actively transported solutes in the proximal tubule?

number of transport carriers in the luminal membrane

Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume?

ADH

Which of the following is(are) hormones?

ADH and aldosterone

As the pressure in the beaker was increased, which of the following occurred?

Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume increased.

Which of the following describes the order in which blood flows through the nephron?

afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole

The myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation primarily involves smooth muscle in which blood vessels?

afferent arterioles

During reabsorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubule, what causes water to diffuse from the lumen into the interstitial space?

an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium

The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______.

angiotensin II

What is the primary regulatory mechanism that maintains glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

autoregulation

When blood pressure increases, what changes can occur to maintain glomerular filtration rate?

constriction of the afferent arteriole and dilation of the efferent arteriole

Which of the following would only be found in the glomerular filtrate if the glomerular membrane were damaged?

protein

Glucose reabsorption occurs in the _______.

proximal convoluted tubule

Altering the radii of the afferent and efferent arterioles provides for _______.

glomerular filtration rate homeostasis and glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasis

Which of the following best describes the passive force that creates filtrate?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

When the beaker pressure was lowered, which of the following decreased?

glomerular pressure, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume

The functions of the nephron include all of the following EXCEPT _______.

glomerular secretion

In the event of a severe increase in systemic blood pressure, what mechanism would increase GFR?

release of ANP and BNP

In this activity, the drain beaker (second beaker in the flow) simulates the _______.

renal vein

What enzyme is released by the juxtaglomerular complex to regulate GFR?

renin

Which of the following GFR-regulating mechanisms is initiated by cells of the juxtaglomerular complex?

renin-angiotensin system

What is the name for the "ball" of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle?

glomerulus

Which structures form the filtration membrane in the nephron?

glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

When the glucose transport maximum is reached, _______.

glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed

What is(are) the driving force(s) for filtration in the nephron?

hydrostatic pressure gradients, osmotic pressure gradients and Starling forces

What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration?

hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)

ADH is produced in the _______.

hypothalamus

Which of the following resulted in a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure?

increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter

Which of the following would decrease glomerular filtration rate?

increasing the efferent arteriole radius and decreasing the afferent arteriole radius

Because the alteration of the afferent or efferent arteriole occurs within the nephron, we refer to this mechanism as _______.

intrinsic

The active transport of which ion out of proximal convoluted tubule cells causes the reabsorption of both water and solutes?

sodium

When the efferent arteriole constricts, _______.

the back pressure in the Bowman's capsule increases

With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed and with the pressure increased, _______.

the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure increased

With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______.

the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased

What are the two main parts of the nephron?

the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

The decreased intracellular concentration of sodium in tubular cells during active transport is caused by which of the following mechanisms?

the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the basolateral membrane

Which of the choices below best describes the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

the volume of filtrate created by the kidneys per minute

Glucose is transported _______.

through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion

Most solutes that are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule use which of the following pathways?

transcellular

With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed, _______.

urine volume was zero

Which of the following should NOT be found in the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule?

white blood cells

The urine was the most concentrated _______.

with both ADH and aldosterone

Glucose is reabsorbed _______.

All of the above are correct.

LOOK AT HANDMADE NOTECARDS

....

Which of the following transporters in the luminal membrane results in secretion?

Na+-H+ countertransport

Which of the choices below best describes the autonomic mechanism for regulating GFR?

Sympathetic fibers override local controls to decrease the GFR.

The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______.

a change in body fluid osmolarity

Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate?

blood cells and large particles

The pressure in the left source beaker simulates _______.

blood pressure

In this activity, we will explore the effect of _______.

blood pressure on glomerular filtration rate

The addition of aldosterone _______.

decreased the urine volume

Which of the following resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate?

decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter

As the number of glucose carriers increased, the concentration of glucose in the _______.

distal tubule decreased and bladder decreased

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the tissues