ANPS LAB 9
Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg.
25 mm Hg
At which concentration of glucose carriers was the glucose concentration reduced to zero?
400
What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate?
80 - 140 ml/min
If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease?
net filtration would decrease
What is the limiting factor for the reabsorption of most actively transported solutes in the proximal tubule?
number of transport carriers in the luminal membrane
Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume?
ADH
Which of the following is(are) hormones?
ADH and aldosterone
As the pressure in the beaker was increased, which of the following occurred?
Glomerular filtration rate increased, and urine volume increased.
Which of the following describes the order in which blood flows through the nephron?
afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole
The myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation primarily involves smooth muscle in which blood vessels?
afferent arterioles
During reabsorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubule, what causes water to diffuse from the lumen into the interstitial space?
an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium
The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______.
angiotensin II
What is the primary regulatory mechanism that maintains glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
autoregulation
When blood pressure increases, what changes can occur to maintain glomerular filtration rate?
constriction of the afferent arteriole and dilation of the efferent arteriole
Which of the following would only be found in the glomerular filtrate if the glomerular membrane were damaged?
protein
Glucose reabsorption occurs in the _______.
proximal convoluted tubule
Altering the radii of the afferent and efferent arterioles provides for _______.
glomerular filtration rate homeostasis and glomerular hydrostatic pressure homeostasis
Which of the following best describes the passive force that creates filtrate?
glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
When the beaker pressure was lowered, which of the following decreased?
glomerular pressure, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume
The functions of the nephron include all of the following EXCEPT _______.
glomerular secretion
In the event of a severe increase in systemic blood pressure, what mechanism would increase GFR?
release of ANP and BNP
In this activity, the drain beaker (second beaker in the flow) simulates the _______.
renal vein
What enzyme is released by the juxtaglomerular complex to regulate GFR?
renin
Which of the following GFR-regulating mechanisms is initiated by cells of the juxtaglomerular complex?
renin-angiotensin system
What is the name for the "ball" of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle?
glomerulus
Which structures form the filtration membrane in the nephron?
glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
When the glucose transport maximum is reached, _______.
glucose is excreted in the urine and not all of the glucose is reabsorbed
What is(are) the driving force(s) for filtration in the nephron?
hydrostatic pressure gradients, osmotic pressure gradients and Starling forces
What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration?
hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)
ADH is produced in the _______.
hypothalamus
Which of the following resulted in a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure?
increasing the efferent arteriole diameter and decreasing the afferent arteriole diameter
Which of the following would decrease glomerular filtration rate?
increasing the efferent arteriole radius and decreasing the afferent arteriole radius
Because the alteration of the afferent or efferent arteriole occurs within the nephron, we refer to this mechanism as _______.
intrinsic
The active transport of which ion out of proximal convoluted tubule cells causes the reabsorption of both water and solutes?
sodium
When the efferent arteriole constricts, _______.
the back pressure in the Bowman's capsule increases
With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed and with the pressure increased, _______.
the glomerular filtration rate increased and the glomerular pressure increased
With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______.
the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased
What are the two main parts of the nephron?
the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule
The decreased intracellular concentration of sodium in tubular cells during active transport is caused by which of the following mechanisms?
the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the basolateral membrane
Which of the choices below best describes the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
the volume of filtrate created by the kidneys per minute
Glucose is transported _______.
through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion
Most solutes that are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule use which of the following pathways?
transcellular
With the valve between the collecting duct and the urinary bladder closed, _______.
urine volume was zero
Which of the following should NOT be found in the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule?
white blood cells
The urine was the most concentrated _______.
with both ADH and aldosterone
Glucose is reabsorbed _______.
All of the above are correct.
LOOK AT HANDMADE NOTECARDS
....
Which of the following transporters in the luminal membrane results in secretion?
Na+-H+ countertransport
Which of the choices below best describes the autonomic mechanism for regulating GFR?
Sympathetic fibers override local controls to decrease the GFR.
The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______.
a change in body fluid osmolarity
Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate?
blood cells and large particles
The pressure in the left source beaker simulates _______.
blood pressure
In this activity, we will explore the effect of _______.
blood pressure on glomerular filtration rate
The addition of aldosterone _______.
decreased the urine volume
Which of the following resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate?
decreasing the efferent arteriole diameter and increasing the afferent arteriole diameter
As the number of glucose carriers increased, the concentration of glucose in the _______.
distal tubule decreased and bladder decreased
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the tissues