ANT 2410 Ch. 6: Race and Ethnicity

The 2020 U.S. census includes

- a question asking about a person's race, with three main choices. - a question asking whether a person is "of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin."

Two key U.S. demographic trends are that

- the country is aging, and most of the senior population is white - ethnic/racial diversity is increasing, especially among the young

Which statements about multiculturalism are true?

-It socializes individuals into both the dominant culture and an ethnic culture. -It encourages the practice of cultural-ethnic traditions.

Hereditary makeup is known as_________ , whereas __________ is defined as expressed or manifest physical characteristics.

1. genotype 2. phenotype

In a 2012 study, what percentage of American Hispanics preferred to identify using their family's country of origin rather than Hispanic or Latino?

51%

Which of the following statements about ethnic diversity across the globe are true?

About 70 percent of all countries have an ethnic group that forms an absolute majority of the population. There is substantial regional variation in countries' ethnic structures. African countries tend to rank high on any diversity index because of their multiple ethnic groups and languages.

Countries on which continent or region tend to rank highest on any diversity index because of their multiple ethnic groups and languages?

Africa

Based on skin color, which of the following would likely have the lowest incidence of folate deficiency?

Ethiopians

The murder of _____ on May 25, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota while in police custody sparked weeks of demonstrations and protests nationally and internationally and gave new impetus to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement.

George Floyd

Which of the following refers to a rule that automatically places the children of mixed parents in the group of the minority parent?

Hypodescent

A nation, or state, has which of the following characteristics?

It is centrally organized. It is independent. It is a political unit or government.

Which of the following statements about Japanese attitudes regarding race are true?

Japanese value "pure" Japanese. Racial attitudes reflect intrinsic racism.

_______ the primary determinant of human skin color, is a chemical substance manufactured in the epidermis, or outer skin layer.

Melanin

Which of the following statements about ethnic diversity around the world are true?

Most countries have an ethnic majority group and one or more ethnic minority groups. Some states, such as France, have actively worked to homogenize their populations.

Which statement about the populations of nation-states is true?

Most nation-states are ethnically heterogeneous.

Some scientists have classified the San ("Bushmen") of the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa as Asians because of their "yellow" skin. Why is this a problem?

People of the same race should share recent common ancestry, and there is no evidence of this between the San and Asians.

Which of the following statements about assimilation are true?

Some countries are more assimilationist than others. The minority adopts the patterns and norms of the host culture.

Which of the following played a crucial role in the growth of Western European nationalism in the eighteenth century?

Spoken language Print

Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein was _____, a sect he favored while fostering discrimination against others.

Sunni Muslim

Which of the following statements is true about the ethnic groups of the United States?

The share of Hispanics in the U.S. population rose from less than 5 percent in 1970 to over 18 percent in 2019.

Why have scientists largely abandoned the tripartite scheme of three great races?

The tripartite scheme is overly simplistic.

Which of the following are true of minority groups?

They have less power than majority groups. They typically have inferior access to resources. They are subordinate.

An unarmed young black man named _____ was shot and killed, and the shooter was acquitted. This acquittal sparked the Black Lives Matter movement.

Trayvon Martin

A Hispanic person can be of any race.

True

Iraq and Syria each contain substantial Muslim populations of Shiites, Sunnis, and Kurds.

True

Minority workers will pay a growing share of the payroll taxes needed to sustain Social Security and Medicare, which are government programs that most directly benefit old white people.

True

A society with economically interdependent ethnic groups is known as

a plural society

Classifying people as of a certain race because they have a parent or a grandparent of that race is

a rule of descent.

Ethnicity exists when people identify with, and feel part of, a certain ethnic group and

are excluded from certain other groups because of this affiliation.

The absorption of minorities within a dominant culture is known as

assimilation

A race is an ethnic group

believed to have a biological basis.

_____ means identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation. (Watch your spelling.)

ethnicity

Prominent in the successful Trump presidential campaign of 2016 was open _________ - _________ , which is the idea of an association between ethnicity—traditionally and predominantly European derived and Christian—and the right to rule the United States.

ethno-nationalism

When a dominant group tries to destroy the cultures of certain ethnic groups, this is known as

ethnocide

The most extreme form of discrimination against ethnic groups, which involves the deliberate elimination of a group through mass murder, is known as

genocide

The belief that a (perceived) racial difference is a sufficient reason to value one person less than another is known as ______ racism and is pervasive in Japan.

intrinsic

A person's ethnic identity

may change in intensity.

Which of the following has led to the separation and splitting up of many nationalities?

migration wars political upheavals

The view of cultural diversity as valuable and worth maintaining is called

multiculturalism

The term that was once synonymous with tribe or ethnic group and that refers to single culture sharing a single language, religion, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship is

nation

The process by which the forms that are fittest to survive and reproduce in a given environment do so is known as ________ , and it plays a key role in the explanatory approach to understanding human biological diversity.

natural selection

Which of the following plays a key role in determining human biological diversity?

natural selection

Within the U.S. population, the median age of ________ is 44 years, significantly higher than those of all other racial or ethnic groups.

non-Hispanic whites

Junko has olive skin and long, shiny, black hair. Her eyes are brown and almond shaped. These characteristics describe Junko's

phenotype

Looking down on or devaluing a group because of its assumed behavior, values, capabilities, or attributes is known as

prejudice

Suzy is a barista at a coffee shop. She sees an Asian customer approaching the counter and calls to her Asian coworker to help the customer because Suzy assumes the customer will speak poor, broken English and be very demanding without leaving a tip. What is Suzy most guilty of?

prejudice

Minority groups are obvious features of _____ in the United States.

stratification

Recent expressions of ethno-nationalism in the United States include advocating

the deportation of undocumented immigrants. bans on the admission of Muslims.

The Black Lives Matter movement began in response to

the shooting of an unarmed black teenager in Florida. indifference by some officials to the lives of black citizens.

When a person employs different identities in different circumstances, such as at home or on the job, it is known as

the situational negotiation of social identity.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the 2020 census gathers information about ethnicity and race

to comply with anti-discrimination provisions.

According to Fredrik Barth, a plural society is most successful when the ethnic groups do which of the following?

trade with one another depend on one another's activities occupy different ecological niches

Members of an ethnic group share which of the following?

values beliefs habits