Chp 3
Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned with occasional insomnia?
Eat a big dinner late in evening so you feel drowsy by bedtime
Bes wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ______ sleep
NREM -3
During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in
NREM sleep than NREM-1 sleep
The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of
NREM-1 sleep
At 3 am, he has slept 4 hrs. As long as sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
REM sleep
Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through
REM sleep
Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is true?
REM sleep deprivation results in REM rebound
Nightmares are to ____ as night terrors are to ______
REM; stage 4
Sleep spindles predominate in which stage?
Stage 2
Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with _______ sleep
Stage 4
According to Hilgard, hypnosis is
a dissociation between different levels of consciousness
Circadian rhythm refers to
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
According to Freud, dreams are
a symbolic fullfillment of erotic wishes
Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?
activation-synthesis theory
As defined by the text, consciousness includes which of the following?
all of these conditions
Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although she is relaxed she has not fallen asleep. An EEG is likely to indicate the presence of
alpha waves
Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?
anxiety
The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to
become victims of social hostility and prejudice
In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In experiment, hypnotized people
behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized
Cocaine and crack produce euphoric rush by
blocking the reuptake of dopamine
Christy failed to notice that she received her ice cream in a sugar cone rather than a waffle cone as she had requested. She later indicated to another customer that she preferred sugar cones over waffle cones. Christy's behavior most clearly illustrates
choice blindness
With the approach of night, our body temperature begins to drop. This illustrates
circadian rhythm
After a drug he experiences diminished appetite, increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, feelings of self confidence and euphoria. These are effects of
cocaine
Prior to age 9, dreams seem more like a slide show. This illustrates that the content of dreams reflects the children's
cognitive development
S specialty area that focuses on the connections between brain activity and mental processes is known as
cognitive neuroscience
They discovered that unhypnotized performed same dangerous acts as hypnotized. This finding is consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves
conscious role playing
Alcohol consumption tends to
decrease self-awareness and decrease impulse control
The use of barbiturates _____________ anxiety, and ____________ nervous activity
decrease; decrease
At 1 am he begins to sleepwalk. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of
delta waves
The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM- 3 sleep are called
delta waves
In large doses, alcohol is a _________; in small amounts it is a _________
depressant; depressant
Sleep deprivation has been shown to
diminish immunity disease
Claim that hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associate with the theory that hypnosis involves
dissociation
One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by
distracting attention
A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers best illustrates the importance of
dual processing
A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into objects. This illustrates
dual processing
The processing of info at both conscious and unconscious levels is
dual processing
The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin producing neurons is most closely associated with long term use of
ecstasy
Which is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?
ecstasy
Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for
enhancing memories
While soundly asleep, people cannot
learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed.
When a person speaks, brain waves and bloodflow are likely to reveal increased activity in the
left hemisphere
Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help
THC, the active ingredient in _________ is classified as a _______
marijuana; hallucinogen
Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of
melatonin
The British gov classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ____________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs
metamphetamine
When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 30 min but the stimulant drug ____ can trigger 8 hours of euphoria
metamphetamine
Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are _______ likely to be aggressive that they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are _______likely to tip generously than they would
more; more
The best indication that dreaming serves as a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that
most mammals experience REM rebound
Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be
most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance
During a heated argument with his daughter, he lapsed into a state of REM. he suffers from
narcolepsy
The absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces orexin has been linked to
narcolepsy
Consciousness is
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because
our nervous system is active but muscles hardly move
Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that
people are more likely to dream of failure than success
Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that
people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion become absorbed in imaginary events of movies
Exposure to bright light causes the
pineal gland to decrease production of melatonin
The visual cortex is activated when blind people read Braile. This illustrates
plasticity
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ___________ drugs
psychoactive
Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning. This illustrates
psychological dependence
To assess the impact of test difficulty on persistence of effort, researchers plan to give one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To reduce the chance that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of
random assignment
People can be hypnotically induced to
report little pain from placing arms in an ice bath
Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called
selective attention
One naturalistic observation of pedestrians found that half the people on cell show unsafe road crossing. This illustrates impact of
selective attention
The cocktail party effect is an example of
selective attention
The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
selective attention
Mr. sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that he suffers from
sleep apnea
Research on sleep patterns indicate that
sleep patterns may be genetically influenced
Compared to unconscious info processing, conscious info processing is relatively
slow and effective for solving new problems
The pituitary gland releases growth hormone during
slow-wave sleep
Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 6o yr olds
spend less time in deep sleep
The brain waves associated with REM sleep are similar to those of
stage 1 sleep
Amphetamines are to _________ as barbiturates are to _________
stimulants; depressants
Sleep deprivation _______ the production of body fat by _________ levels of stress hormone cortisol
stimulates; increasing
She is concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends. To reduce her use she should
stop associating with friends who use it
The circadian rhythm is influenced by light sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
suprachiasmatic nucelus
The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
suprachiasmatic nucleus
According to Freud, the latent content dream refers to
underlying but censored meaning
The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called
withdrawal
Forty year old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM
Smokers with _______ levels of nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking
high
His stockbroker has informed him that he has suffered substantial investment losses. When he tells his wife, she responds "I told you that your plan would fail". This illustrates
hindsight bias
The perceptual error in which we fail to see an object when our attention is directed elsewhere is
inattentional blindness
Traffic accident rates have been found to _______ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall change back to standard time
increase; decrease
Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ______ after the fall change back to standard time
increase; decrease
REM sleep is
inhibited by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills