Chp 3

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned with occasional insomnia?

Eat a big dinner late in evening so you feel drowsy by bedtime

Bes wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ______ sleep

NREM -3

During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in

NREM sleep than NREM-1 sleep

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

NREM-1 sleep

At 3 am, he has slept 4 hrs. As long as sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

REM sleep

Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is true?

REM sleep deprivation results in REM rebound

Nightmares are to ____ as night terrors are to ______

REM; stage 4

Sleep spindles predominate in which stage?

Stage 2

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with _______ sleep

Stage 4

According to Hilgard, hypnosis is

a dissociation between different levels of consciousness

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

According to Freud, dreams are

a symbolic fullfillment of erotic wishes

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

activation-synthesis theory

As defined by the text, consciousness includes which of the following?

all of these conditions

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although she is relaxed she has not fallen asleep. An EEG is likely to indicate the presence of

alpha waves

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?

anxiety

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

become victims of social hostility and prejudice

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In experiment, hypnotized people

behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized

Cocaine and crack produce euphoric rush by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine

Christy failed to notice that she received her ice cream in a sugar cone rather than a waffle cone as she had requested. She later indicated to another customer that she preferred sugar cones over waffle cones. Christy's behavior most clearly illustrates

choice blindness

With the approach of night, our body temperature begins to drop. This illustrates

circadian rhythm

After a drug he experiences diminished appetite, increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, feelings of self confidence and euphoria. These are effects of

cocaine

Prior to age 9, dreams seem more like a slide show. This illustrates that the content of dreams reflects the children's

cognitive development

S specialty area that focuses on the connections between brain activity and mental processes is known as

cognitive neuroscience

They discovered that unhypnotized performed same dangerous acts as hypnotized. This finding is consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

conscious role playing

Alcohol consumption tends to

decrease self-awareness and decrease impulse control

The use of barbiturates _____________ anxiety, and ____________ nervous activity

decrease; decrease

At 1 am he begins to sleepwalk. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of

delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM- 3 sleep are called

delta waves

In large doses, alcohol is a _________; in small amounts it is a _________

depressant; depressant

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

diminish immunity disease

Claim that hypnotic phenomena occur outside our normal awareness is associate with the theory that hypnosis involves

dissociation

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by

distracting attention

A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers best illustrates the importance of

dual processing

A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into objects. This illustrates

dual processing

The processing of info at both conscious and unconscious levels is

dual processing

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin producing neurons is most closely associated with long term use of

ecstasy

Which is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

ecstasy

Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for

enhancing memories

While soundly asleep, people cannot

learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed.

When a person speaks, brain waves and bloodflow are likely to reveal increased activity in the

left hemisphere

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help

THC, the active ingredient in _________ is classified as a _______

marijuana; hallucinogen

Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of

melatonin

The British gov classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ____________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs

metamphetamine

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 30 min but the stimulant drug ____ can trigger 8 hours of euphoria

metamphetamine

Under the influence of alcohol, angered people are _______ likely to be aggressive that they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are _______likely to tip generously than they would

more; more

The best indication that dreaming serves as a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that

most mammals experience REM rebound

Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be

most severe among those with high levels of drug tolerance

During a heated argument with his daughter, he lapsed into a state of REM. he suffers from

narcolepsy

The absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces orexin has been linked to

narcolepsy

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is active but muscles hardly move

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that

people are more likely to dream of failure than success

Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that

people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion become absorbed in imaginary events of movies

Exposure to bright light causes the

pineal gland to decrease production of melatonin

The visual cortex is activated when blind people read Braile. This illustrates

plasticity

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ___________ drugs

psychoactive

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning. This illustrates

psychological dependence

To assess the impact of test difficulty on persistence of effort, researchers plan to give one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To reduce the chance that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of

random assignment

People can be hypnotically induced to

report little pain from placing arms in an ice bath

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus is called

selective attention

One naturalistic observation of pedestrians found that half the people on cell show unsafe road crossing. This illustrates impact of

selective attention

The cocktail party effect is an example of

selective attention

The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger

selective attention

Mr. sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that he suffers from

sleep apnea

Research on sleep patterns indicate that

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

Compared to unconscious info processing, conscious info processing is relatively

slow and effective for solving new problems

The pituitary gland releases growth hormone during

slow-wave sleep

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 6o yr olds

spend less time in deep sleep

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are similar to those of

stage 1 sleep

Amphetamines are to _________ as barbiturates are to _________

stimulants; depressants

Sleep deprivation _______ the production of body fat by _________ levels of stress hormone cortisol

stimulates; increasing

She is concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends. To reduce her use she should

stop associating with friends who use it

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucelus

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus

According to Freud, the latent content dream refers to

underlying but censored meaning

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

withdrawal

Forty year old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM

Smokers with _______ levels of nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking

high

His stockbroker has informed him that he has suffered substantial investment losses. When he tells his wife, she responds "I told you that your plan would fail". This illustrates

hindsight bias

The perceptual error in which we fail to see an object when our attention is directed elsewhere is

inattentional blindness

Traffic accident rates have been found to _______ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall change back to standard time

increase; decrease

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ______ after the fall change back to standard time

increase; decrease

REM sleep is

inhibited by alcohol and inhibited by sleeping pills