ANT Exam 3

What is Cochrane's experience with anthropology?

He has been working as a consultant for NGOs and other organizations for ten years in different regions of the world

What does Borofsky mean when he argues that anthropologists should be writing narratives with impact?

They should be writing in a less academic, and more popular, style to reach broader audiences

From an anthropological perspective, what does it mean when someone uses the term to "throw like a girl?"

To throw in a way that evokes gender stereotypes based on patterned cultural conceptions of behavior

How can sickle cell anemia be seen as an adaptive characteristic for humans?

When a person inherits one copy of the sickle cell gene, it confers resistance against malaria

During the __________ presidential election democrat Samuel Tilden, the winner of the popular vote, lost the election to republican Rutherford B. Hayes by one Electoral College vote.

1876

Why does the chapter argue that the same type of information about the activities of the NSA was received so differently from Edward Snowden and journalists Priest and Arkin?

Snowden's disclosures violated national and international security laws and Priest/Arkin's reporting did not

What is Cochrane's goal in this chapter?

To convey a sense of what seeing like an anthropologist means in the context of an international development project

What does Victor Turner's concept of "anti-structure" have to do with the fact that public engagement repeatedly returns to excite the discipline?

Turner argues that humans need to participate in both formal structure and non-conformity, similar to the excitement of reaching out beyond the academic discipline

What role did the anthropologist, Joans, play when, in 1978, six elderly Native women from the Bannock and Shoshoni tribes in Idaho were accused by a local social services agency of fraud?

Joans acted as an expert witness and testified successfully that the women did not have the kind of cultural understanding to comprehend what was expected of them

In 1852, __________ was elected governor of California by running on an anti-Chinese platform.

John Bigler

__________ ran the famous Battle Creek Sanatorium based on his theory of eugenics-like "biologic living".

John Harvey Kellogg

The interface between anthropology as an academic discipline and the broader public that supports and, ideally, finds value in it, is an area of work that Borofsky has titled

public anthropology

An approach to performance, promoted by Augusto Boal, designed to engage an audience in such as way that they would be transformed and moved to transform the oppressive conditions of their societies is called

theatre of the oppressed

Gerald Lombardi (1999) found that early telephonic engineers in Brazil spoke reverently about their fellow workers because

they were working to make telephony possible and bring Brazil into the modern global economy

Franklin Roosevelt created the __________ (aka WRA) to build and manage the internment camp system.

war relocation authority

In his fieldwork, Cochrane discovered that the food

were restricted to married women, and limited to a specific breed of chicken raised in specific households

Early ethnographer E.E. Evans-Pritchard describes the one main explanation that the Azande of north-central Africa give for any misfortune. This explanation is

witchcraft

More than __________ Hawaiian men of Japanese descent volunteered for the army.

10,000

Zoonotic diseases are diseases that

can be passed between humans and animals

How many people in the world today do not have access to adequate nutrition, the most basic element of good health?

1 in 8 people

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the FBI detained more than __________ Japanese-American community leaders, prominent businessmen, and those associated with the Japanese consulate.

1200

The first wave of Japanese immigrants settled in California, Oregon, Washington and Hawaii in the __________ century.

19th

Between 1849 and 1852, more than __________ Chinese immigrants had joined the California Gold Rush.

20,000

Hawaiian recruits formed the __________ Regimental Combat Team.

442nd

Of the thousands of inmates of the Japanese-American internment camps nearly 40% were children and _____% were American citizens.

70

What are the characteristics of a bounded "performance," such as a play or concert?

An event that occurs only once "in the moment" in that particular form, with those particular players

In the early 1860's, U.S. ambassador to China __________ concluded an historic treaty between the United States and China explicitly guaranteeing the free flow of people and trade between the two nations.

Anson Burlingame

How does the chapter suggest that anthropologists get recognized more often for their work to help the common good?

Anthropologists need to demonstrate the good they do on an ongoing basis

Borofsky describes the roles of anthropologists Boas, Mead, and Powdermaker in relation to the U.S. Civil Rights movement for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT

Anthropologists often work in low-income ("third world") countries

The term __________ refers to the field that has a practical orientation to use anthropology for direct interventions or policy change, while the term __________ refers to the field that grew in the 1990s through a book series that intends to change the way anthropology engages others.

Applied anthropology; Public anthropology

Why do academic committees tend to count the numbers of citations of a junior faculty member's work in articles written by other anthropologists?

Clear metrics exist to evaluate a faculty member's level of professional work based on citations

What are the four ways that the chapter argues that anthropology can facilitate change?

Collaboration, Conceptualizing important issues, Exposés, and Writing narratives with impact

__________ founded the anti-Chinese Workingmen's Party in San Francisco.

Denis Kearney

Charles Davenport opened the __________ in 1910.

Eugenics Record Office

In the 1960s, which anthropologists established the first "teach-ins" - activist public discussions held at universities - opposing the Vietnam War?

Harris and Sahlins

__________ created the intelligence test used by American eugenicists.

Henry Goddard

In the 1950s, how did anthropologist Milton Singer become interested in cultural performances during his research in India?

His cultural consultants often took him to see cultural performances when they wanted him to understand a particular aspect of Hinduism

According to __________'s 1916 The Passing of the Great Race, the most recently evolved blond-haired, blue-eyed "Nordics" superior genes were in danger of being overwhelmed by inferior primitive genes.

Madison Grant

According to historian __________, the Chinese Exclusion was the first really, comprehensively restrictive immigration law in the history of the United States.

Mae Ngai

Why did anthropology become less publicly engaged starting in the 1960s?

More and more anthropologists became associated with universities

The Treaty of __________ ended the first Opium War in 1841 and forced the Chinese government to allow virtually unrestricted traded with Britain and the United States.

Nanking

Borofsky argues that all of the following are true about objectivity, EXCEPT

Objectivity demands that social scientists act in a disinterested manner with no goals of social advocacy

What major contributor(s) to human disease became problematic once agricultural communities became densely populated?

Problems disposing of waste and difficulty accessing clean water

What was the international development organization's overall goal for their engagement in the region?

To address gender equality and practices that negatively impact women

The 1892 __________ required every Chinese person in the United States to carry a photo identity card.

The Geary Act

How did the international organization aim to address women's nutritional deficiencies that it thought were the result of food taboos in the region?

The project would improve access to those products (specifically eggs, chicken, and milk) and provide training on the nutritional value of these products

Zoologist __________ studied mutation and genetics by breeding fruit files.

Thomas Hunt Morgan

What are the "structures" that public anthropology seeks to transform?

Those limitations that prevent anthropology from becoming more interdisciplinary, publicly engaged, or helping others

During __________, Alpha and Beta tests were used ostensibly to identify mental defectives among draftees.

WW1

Food taboos were identified as part of a larger spiritual belief system with its origin in

a past spiritual leader called Gumzanjela, who is held responsible for illness and healing among community members

The case study of the two schools of capoeira, the Brazilian martial art, illustrates a social drama that eventually resulted in

a schism that was unable to be rectified

Borofsky uses Mary Douglas' quote about all social structures being "armed with articulate, conscious powers to protect the system; the inarticulate, unstructured areas...provoke others to demand that ambiguity be reduced" in order to refer to the powers operating to protect

academic anthropology departments

The California Series in Public Anthropology is a series of books edited by the chapter author that

addresses public problems in public ways through new framing of social issues

Famed inventor __________ was a member of Charles Davenport's prestigious Board of Scientific Directors.

alexander graham bell

Personalistic ethno-etiologies view disease as the result of

all

The goals of the Nura Gili Indigenous Unit are to

all

The main objective(s) of the Kayapo leaders who produced media through the Kayapo Video Project was to

all

What argument does the chapter make about using the ethics of "do no harm" as a guiding principle while practicing anthropology?

all

When an international development organization focuses on a project, their goals are

all

While Western biomedicine is based on science and rigorous testing, it is also true that

all

Why has applied anthropology succeeded, even within the university?

all of the choices

Robert Lemelson found in his research on schizophrenia that, although the underlying disease creates similar symptom patterns cross-culturally, symptoms of schizophrenia in Indonesia

all of the choices are correct

The chapter uses an analogy to help understand the religious food taboo practiced by Gumzanjela followers. The analogy is that the prohibition against eating certain eggs and chickens is similar to

and Jewish prohibitions against eating pork

__________, the immigration center for the west coast in San Francisco, enforced Chinese exclusion by segregating detainees, subjecting detainees to grueling interrogations, and detaining applicants for weeks or years.

angel island

Borofsky argues that undergraduates enjoy Chagnon's book on the Yanomami for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT

chagnon describes the Yanomami in a respectful way

Western biomedicine tends to conceive of the body as a kind of biological machine. When parts of the machine are damaged, defective, or out of balance, the preferred therapeutic responses are most often

chemical or surgical interventions

Japanese-American families were so terrified of being accused of __________ or treason that many burned all of their family possessions.

collaboration

The means by which a dominant group or perspective orders various beliefs, explanations, values, and worldviews so that they justify the status quo is referred to by the term

cultural hegemony

One of the unintended health consequences of the rise of antibiotic use in low-income (developing) nations is that

impoverished children, whose lives are saved by antibiotics in infancy, succumb later in childhood to malnutrition, dehydration, or other ailments

Many different universities and academic journals use the term public anthropology; however,

different groups use the term in different ways

When an ill person describes the origin of their suffering as coming from a fright or shock, they are using which type of ethno-etiology?

emotionalistic

A shift in the kinds of diseases that are prevalent among human populations is referred to as a/an

epidemiological transition

Cultural explanations about the underlying causes of health problems is referred to in medical anthropology as

ethno-etiology

In February 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt signed __________, authorizing the military to designate areas from which certain people could be excluded.

executive order 9066

One strategy for maintaining the anonymity of participants in an online research study is to fictionalize an ethnographic account that demonstrates the points most relevant for the research. This is a controversial strategy called

fabrication

Increasingly, Charles Davenport began to focus on low intelligence, something termed __________, as the source of societies' problems.

feeblemindedness

The turning point in the human fight against bacterial infections was

he discovery and distribution of Penicillin in the early 20th century

In his ethnography of advertising agencies in Sri Lanka, Steven Kemper (2001) observed that agencies try to understand local audiences by

hiring local staff

Arkansas governor __________ feared a Japanese-American presence would upset the state's rigidly efficient system of segregation.

homer adkins

The rapid changes in human lifestyles from small foraging groups to crowded, technologically-advanced societies shows that

human lifestyles are biocultural, or products of interactions between biology and culture

According to community members, the "law of Gumzanjela" includes all of the following, EXCEPT

it forced community members to engage in practices they felt were wrong or harmful

Anorexia is referred to as a culture-bound syndrome because

it is an illness recognized only within a specific culture (or in areas that have been influenced by that culture)

The anthropologist who described the Native American ghost dance in the late 1800s and provided vivid details of a cavalry massacre of 200 Sioux at Wounded Knee in 1890 was

james mooney

Communication that is sent from one person to many people, that privileges the sender and/or owner of the technology that transmits the media is referred to as

mass communication

The ideas or values that accompany the exchange of information is how media anthropologists define

meaning

In eugenics circles, the terms __________ and mental deficiency become basically interchangeable with immorality.

moron

Federal and state laws prevented first generation Japanese immigrants from __________ or __________.

owning land or becoming citizens

What is socio-cultural anthropology's primary approach to data collection, used by anthropologists in the field?

participant observation

A response to treatment that occurs because the person receiving the treatment believes it will work, not because the treatment itself is effective, is referred to as a

placebo effect

Eugenics recommended __________ as a means of preventing "defectives" from reproducing.

sterilization

Women who consumed the prohibited products were believed to

suffer from illnesses, such as swelling and itching, or even to cause the death of one of their in-laws

On December 17th, 1943 the Chinese Exclusion Laws were officially repealed with the passage of the __________.

the magnuson act