ANTH 001 Midterm

Way anthropologist are adapting

1. by changing research strategies 2.by paying attention to how communities are connected through migration and communication practices

NOT ways anthropologist are adapting

1. by ignoring time-space compression 2. by studying isolated people who aren't affected by globalization

Based on Eduardo Kohn's ethnography, How Forests Think (2013), identify each statement as a reasonable strategy for multispecies ethnography, or not.----- NOT Reasonable

1. communicate with forest plants and trees by imitating the sounds of wind and water, 2. eat, sleep, and spend time as animals do

NOT an examples of a CREDIBLE way to establish ethnographic authority.

1. describe themselves as the expert who will solve the community's problems, 2. claim to have become a full member of the group they studied

Critics of Globalization

1. distribution of wealth 2. cultural homogenization

Techniques Used by Cultural Anthropologists

1. ethnology 2.participant observation

Techniques NOT Used by Cultural Anthropologists

1. excavation 2. four-field approach

Some examples of a CREDIBLE way to establish ethnographic authority.

1. explain that they spent a long time conducting fieldwork 2. describe the language skills they acquired

Match the anthropologists to the approaches that they developed or supported.

1. historical particularism- Franz Boas 2. interpretivist approach- Clifford Geertz 3. unilineal cultural evolution- Edward Tylor

art

1. intuition 2. convey their subjects' stories to an audience in meaningful ways

Proponents of Globalization

1. job opportunities for people in developing nations, 2. increased exposure to diversity

Not an Action Taken by Anthropologists

1. keep secret certain parts of the study so participants aren't alarmed

Example of Polyvocality

1. key informants designing research surveys and interview questions, 2. giving a key informant a draft of the manuscript to review

Example of Material Power

1. people being controlled by government authorities using brute force against them 2. the banning of headscarves in schools by the French government

Action Taken by Anthropologists

1. receive informed consent from participants, 2. change names and other identifying details to ensure anonymity, . 3. adhere to federal and institutional regulations pertaining to the study of human subjects

Based on Eduardo Kohn's ethnography, How Forests Think (2013), identify each statement as a reasonable strategy for multispecies ethnography, or not.-----Reasonable

1. see the world through the eyes of an animal, 2. investigate the ecological relationships between people and plants

Not an Example of a Zero

1. the inability of an anthropologist to collect statistical data, 2. an interviewee describing in detail how she felt at a particular event

Example of Hegemony

1. the low number of interracial marriages in the United States, despite legal changes permitting it 2. The media shapes what people think is normal, natural, and possible.

Reason Why it Is Important to Study Language

1.Language is key to learning and sharing culture. 2. Language affects the way people view and experience the world. 3. Language constantly changes.

Match each anthropological approach to its critique.

1.too general and racist- unilineal cultural evolution 2. ignores the dynamics of conflict, tension, and change within a society- structural functionalism 3. ignores power dynamics- interpretivist approach

origin myths

A story told about the founding and history of a particular group to reinforce a sense of common identity.

Match each fictional phrase to the technique or practice that it exhibits.

ANONYMITY-- "I studied a town in Maine that I call Frakerville." POLYVOCALITY-- A father in Frakerville stated, "Where is my town going? Where is my life going?" ESTABLISHING ETHNOGRAPHIC AUTHORITY-- "My fieldwork in Frakerville lasted 24 months, and I developed fluency in Spanish in order to include the Spanish-speaking population of the town."

Identify the places and ways in which identity and ethnicity can be created and reinforced.--Correct answers

1. at school 2. through popular stories and myths 3. through sports

In 2018, the average American carried _________credit cards, and U.S. credit card debt was $799 billion, an average of $_________ per household.

1. 2.25 2. $8,733

Although not recognized as an official name, many scholars and scientists call the era we currently live in the________. The current era is characterized by the effects of human activity on the planet, such as_________.

1. Anthropocene 2. Climate change

Identify the places and ways in which identity and ethnicity can be created and reinforced.-- Wrong answers

1. At birth

Examples of Ethnic Boundary Markers

1. Baseball and apple pie are associated with the United States., 2. Some Africans are Ghanian; others are Nigerian.

Informal Process

1. Children learn vocabulary from listening to parents and siblings talk at home 2. Children develop songs and games together as they play.

Examples of Multiculturalism

1. Children of immigrants are bilingual in the language of their parents as well as English., 2. Indian Americans march in the India Day parade each year.

Match the anthropologist to his or her influential book.

1. Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) - Margaret Mead 2. Patterns of Culture (1934)- Ruth Benedict 3. Primitive Culture (1871)- Edward Tylor

Not an Example of Engaged Anthropology

1. E. E. Evans-Pritchard's ethnography of the life of the Sudanese tribe, the Nuer, 2. Christopher Columbus's voyages to the New World, and his accounts of the peoples and cultures he found there

Examples of origin myths

1. Ethnic Rohingya leaders assert deep roots in Myanmar's Rakhine State, going back over 1,000 years. 2. Many of the Buddhist Bamar see themselves as rightful residents of Myanmar, threatened by the Muslim Rohingya.

Examples of Assimilation

1. Immigrants forgo traditional religious practices in favor of adopting Christianity., 2. Children of immigrants do not speak their parents' languages and instead only speak English.

NOT a Reason Why it Is Important to Study Language

1. Language is used by humans and many other species.

Place an anthropologist's preparations and strategies when undertaking fieldwork in a foreign area in order, starting with pre-fieldwork preparations.

1. Learn the language , do a literature review, garner local and financial support 2. Establish a rapport with key informants and others in the community 3. Map human relations 4. Analyze the data

Not Shown by Graph of interracial marriage

1. More people are marrying outside their race than in the past. 2. Cultural norms do not influence marriage in the United States.

Example of Engaged Anthropology

1. Nancy Scheper-Hughes's founding of Organs Watch, which facilitates collaboration between anthropologists, surgeons, journalists, and more on the issue of human organ trafficking 2. Beatrice Medicine's advocacy for the rights of women, children, Native Americans, and LGBT people

Place the events in contemporary globalization in chronological order.

1. People migrate and take their cultural beliefs with them 2. people practice their cultural beliefs in their new countries 3. people travel back to their homelands to visit friends and family 4. people bring new cultural practices to their homelands from their adopted countries

NOT Examples of Ethnic Boundary Markers

1. Plumbers see themselves as distinct from electricians., 2. All people belong to the human race

Formal Process

1. Schools require children to sit at desks and raise hands to speak 2. Children learn Mandarin Chinese from their teacher.

why it is important for anthropologists to map the components of a built environment.-- Why its Important

1. The built environment shapes human life and culture., 2. Human life and culture shape the built environment., . 3. The built environment can illuminate power structures.

Shown by Graph of interracial marriage

1. U.S. cultural norms still make interracial marriage seem strange 2. The greatest number of interracial marriages are between whites and Hispanics.

Match the conflicting values to the country where they are widely contested.

1. United States- privacy vs. security 2. India- modesty vs. public displays of affection 3. China- economic growth vs. pollution

Example of Zeros

1. a mother's avoidance of discussing her children's death 2. the absence of a local politician from an important community meeting

Not an Example of Polyvocality

1. an anthropologist's observations on the minutiae of daily life, 2. an anthropologist's sketched map of the built environment

EMIC

An approach to gathering data that investigates how local people think and how they understand the world.

Describes Culture

Culture is learned and shared Culture is a system.

Does NOT Describe Culture

Culture remains the same across generations. Culture applies to large groups only.

Beatrice Medicine

Beatrice Medicine was an early twentieth-century anthropologist whose advocacy work is what is now called engaged anthropology.

what does culture do

Culture shapes the way that an environment is used and what people require out of their environment.

Colonial activities have had and continue to have drastic effects on the formerly occupied nations. Match the observed effects to the colonial actions that produced them.

Colonial powers gave specific ethnic groups more power.----violence as a result of exclusion and resentment Colonial powers mapped political borders of new independent nations.----ethnic tensions and territory wars Colonial powers forced indigenous people to relocate or work for little to no pay.----vast decrease of native population

ETIC

Description of local behavior and beliefs from the anthropologist's perspective in ways that can be compared across cultures.

Identify the correct description of what the field of epigenetics studies.

Edward tylor

Who first defined the concept of culture and ascribed its importance to anthropology?

Edward tylor

Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing refers to the removal of one group from an area, which can entail forced migration or mass killing.

Anthropologists today prioritize the study of local communities that are isolated from globalization.

FALSE-- Globalization has deeply affected fieldwork content, because even the most remote areas of the world are impacted by globalization.

Anthropologists mainly study remote, isolated villages in developing countries.

False

What is the correct term for anthropology's commitment to studying the entire picture of human life, including culture, biology, history, and language?

Holism

NOT Examples of origin myths

In Myanmar, the 1982 Citizenship Law effectively stripped the Rohingya of citizenship.

social science

adherence to defined techniques (participant observation, field notes, interviews, mapping, etc.)

Identify the anthropological category promoted by Donna Haraway as a framework for interpreting the environment.

KINSHIP

people living in extreme poverty

Less than a billion, to be specific seven hundred million

Which ethnography set modern standards for ethnographic fieldwork?

Malinowskis Argonaut's of the western pacific

Which example represents polyvocality?

Polyvocality includes many different voices in ethnographic writing, allowing the reader to hear more directly from the people in the study.

Edward Burnett Tylor and James Frazer believed in the idea of unilineal cultural evolution, a theory that suggested culture evolved in one direction. They identified the following stages, which they believed all cultures passed through. Place the stages in order according to their theory, from most simple to most complex.

Savage, barbarian, civilized

why it is important for anthropologists to map the components of a built environment.-- Why its NOT Important

The built environment does not change.

People with out internet in developing countries

Three and a half billion people, more than half of the population in developing nations, live without the Internet.

villagers laughed and said: "Go back to New York! Most of our village is there already!" What does this anecdote illustrate?

Time-space compression

Anthropologists occasionally apply their work to real-world problems but most of the time they conduct academic research directed at their academic peers.

True

what anthropologist study or studied- Franz Boas

U.S. immigration policies

CH 3 -Select the research question that best fits Nancy Scheper-Hughes's fieldwork in Alto do Cruzeiro.

Why do mothers refuse to grieve when their babies die?

A zero

Zeros are parts of the story that are not seen or heard. Zeros can often be just as telling as what is described in depth, as they often arise around sensitive topics

Which of the following describes how anthropologists describe the primary way humans adapt to and manipulate their physical and social environments, in light of the human evolutionary past?

cultural adaptation has mostly replaced genetic adaptation

Match the anthropologist with the fieldwork they conducted that relates to the environment.

indigenous people and land in the Great Basin area of the American West---Julian Steward Chinese water management and irrigation farming----Owen Lattimore migrant workers in Florida's Everglades swampland---Zora Neale Hurston Trobriand gardens---Bronislaw Malinowski

NOT Available 10,000 Years Ago

journals sacred texts

people with internet worldwide

more than three and a half billion

what anthropologist study or studied- Audrey Richards

nutritional and women's issues of the Bemba people

Identify the correct description of what the field of epigenetics studies.

the ways in which gene expression is influenced by a persons environment.

Available 10,000 Years Ago

tools garbage dumps pottery