Anthro 001 Chap 3

Emily Bain conducts fieldwork among the Kwakiutl people of the Northwest coast, a group studied by Franz Boas. She does not tell her friends or family that she is conducting fieldwork. When she publishes her work, she uses a pseudonym for her own name as author and as fieldworker. She describes her work as taking place in the village of 'wap, which means "water" in Kwakiutl, but isn't a real village name. She also uses pseudonyms for the people described in the ethnography.

taking place in the village of 'wap, which means "water" in Kwakiutl, but isn't a real village name uses pseudonyms for the people described in the ethnography.

Identify whether or not these are fieldwork methods and practices that anthropologists have adopted as a result of globalization.

Adopted as a Result of Globalization broadening the scopes of their studies maintaining ongoing relationships between the anthropologist and community undertaking fieldwork in multiple locations Not Adopted as a Result of Globalization viewing field sites in isolation

Select the research question that best fits Nancy Scheper-Hughes's fieldwork in Alto do Cruzeiro.

why do mothers refuse to grieve when their babies die?

Place the definitions of the two data-gathering approaches on the correct area in the diagram. Then place the term "anthropologist" where it fits. Does the anthropologist practice emic or etic forms of data collection?

(left to right circle) understanding a community on its own terms anthropologist viewing a community as an outsider

Place key fieldwork strategies and approaches in order from first developed to most recently developed.

(left to right) salvage enthography participant pbservation synchronic approach reflexivity

Identify each statement about culture shock and ethnographic fieldwork as accurate or not accurate.

Accurate Anthropologists may experience culture shock when they return to their home culture. Not Accurate Culture shock is caused primarily by extreme events such as violence or natural disasters. It is possible, but rare, for an anthropologist to experience culture shock when entering the field. Anthropologists avoid or deny culture shock whenever possible.

Identify whether or not these are actions anthropologists must take in order to ensure the ethical treatment of study participants.

Action Taken by Anthropologists change names and other identifying details to ensure anonymity adhere to federal and institutional regulations pertaining to the study of human subjects receive informed consent from participants Not an Action Taken by Anthropologists keep secret certain parts of the study so participants aren't alarmed

Identify whether or not the following are systems of power and meaning that anthropologists study through intensive fieldwork and the observation of people's everyday lives.

Anthropologists Study racial and ethnic socioeconomic and political religious gender and sexuality Anthropologits do not study

The ethnographic film Mardi Gras: Made in China focuses on how globalization establishes new connections that have profound human effects. Which global connections are described in this film?

Mardi Gras beads and the Chinese sweatshop workers who make them

Identify whether or not these are reasons why it is important for anthropologists to map the components of a built environment.

Reason it Is Important The built environment can illuminate power structures. Human life and culture shape the built environment. The built environment shapes human life and culture. Not a Reason it Is Important The built environment does not change.

Identify each statement as portraying fieldwork as a social science or as an art.

Social Science Fieldwork is an experiment for testing hypotheses and building theories about human behavior. Anthropologists use techniques such as interviews, life histories, and mapping. Art Anthropologists use their intuition to negotiate complex interactions. Fieldwork often sparks mutual transformation for both anthropologist and research participants.

Match each research strategy with its definition.

analysis of physical and/or geographic space mapping an information-gathering tool for quantitative data analysis survey examining relationships in a community, often conducted by identifying whom people turn to in times of need social network analysis

Fieldwork is simultaneously a social science and an art form. Match the following anthropological techniques and skills to the category under which they best fall.

art convey their subjects' stories to an audience in meaningful ways intuition social science adherence to defined techniques (participant observation, field notes, interviews, mapping, etc.)

Anthropologists today prioritize the study of local communities that are isolated from globalization.

false

For an anthropologist, a zero is a statistically unimportant number.

false

Which of the following statements most likely explains why Franz Boas dressed in Inuit clothing during fieldwork in the Pacific Northwest of North America (1883)?

he was joining into Inuit life by experiencing it himself

Place an anthropologist's preparations and strategies when undertaking fieldwork in a foreign area in order, starting with pre-fieldwork preparations.

learn the language, do a literature review, gamer local and fincancial support establish a rapport with key informants and others in the community map human human relationship analyze the data

This image depicts the involvement of an anthropologist in the U.S. military's Human Terrain Systems program. Why were some anthropologists angered by the participation of their colleagues in this program?

many believe this is an unethical weaponizing of anthropological research strageties and knowledge

During the 1960s and 1970s, how was anthropology's role in colonialism viewed, and why?

negatively - for providing information to the military and depicting colonial subjects as unable to govern themselves

Identify the question that represents the central concern behind the concept of ethnographic authority.

what right does the ethnographer have to present certain material and draw certain conclusions?

Identify whether or not these actions are taken by cultural anthropologists during and after ethnographic fieldwork.

Action Taken by Cultural Anthropologists take careful notes, recordings, and photographs look beyond the everyday to uncover power systems live with a community for an extended period of time Not an Action Taken by Cultural Anthropologists return home with a similar perspective as when they left

In his classic ethnography titled ___, Bronislaw Malinowski analyzed ___ as a system of exchange in islands in the Pacific Ocean. In the book, Malinowski also provided guidelines for anthropologists conducting fieldwork, an approach that today is still called ___.

Argonaughts of the western pacific the kula ring participant oberservation

Identify whether or not these activities define engaged anthropology.

Defines Engaged Anthropology revealing and critiquing systems of power and inequality advocacy and activism with local communities Does Not Define Engaged Anthropology using participant observation to understand people's daily lives producing unbiased, objective studies

Establishing ethnographic authority is an essential part of the anthropologist's job. Identify whether or not these are examples of a credible way to establish ethnographic authority.

Example describe the language skills they acquired explain that they spent a long time conducting fieldwork Not an Example claim to have become a full member of the group they studied describe themselves as the expert who will solve the community's problems

Identify whether or not these are examples of engaged anthropology.

Example of Engaged Anthropology Beatrice Medicine's advocacy for the rights of women, children, Native Americans, and LGBT people Nancy Scheper-Hughes's founding of Organs Watch, which facilitates collaboration between anthropologists, surgeons, journalists, and more on the issue of human organ trafficking Not an Example of Engaged Anthropology Christopher Columbus's voyages to the New World, and his accounts of the peoples and cultures he found there E. E. Evans-Pritchard's ethnography of the life of the Sudanese tribe, the Nuer

Identify whether or not these are examples of the use of polyvocality in ethnographic research and writing.

Example of Polyvocality key informants designing research surveys and interview questions giving a key informant a draft of the manuscript to review Not an Example of Polyvocality an anthropologist's observations on the minutiae of daily life an anthropologist's sketched map of the built environment

Identify whether or not these are examples of the use of polyvocality in ethnographic research and writing.

Example of Polyvocality key informants designing research surveys and interview questions giving a key informant a draft of the manuscript to review Not an Example of Polyvocality an anthropologist's sketched map of the built environment an anthropologist's observations on the minutiae of daily life

Identify whether or not these are examples of a zero

Example of a Zero a mother's avoidance of discussing her children's deaths the absence of a local politician from an important community meeting Not an Example of a Zero the inability of an anthropologist to collect statistical data an interviewee describing in detail how she felt at a particular event

This image depicts two men who have sold their kidneys on the illegal global market, the subject of Nancy Scheper-Hughes's fieldwork about the dynamics of globalization. Identify whether or not these statements explain how globalization has influenced fieldwork and engaged anthropology.

Explanation Engaged anthropologists often participate in global networks of activists, scholars, and policy makers to address issues. Time-space compression results in greater flows of people, information, and criminal activity across regions and nations. Not an Explanation Traffickers use ethnographies to find new victims. Ethnographies can no longer focus on groups of people; they focus on issues and dynamics of global humanity.

Identify whether or not the following are factors that advanced the development of anthropology and the practice of fieldwork.

Factor globalization of the late nineteenth century professionalization of data gathering rapid dwindling of native cultures Not a Factor recognition of the absence of any descriptive accounts of other cultures

For centuries, explorers, missionaries, and others gave accounts of different cultures that they encountered around the world. Anthropologists continued this tradition with formalized approaches to data collection and analysis.Place the following descriptive accounts of other cultures in order from first to most recent.

Hedrodotus travels throughout Egypt, Persia, and the area now known as Ukraine marco polo crosses from Italy to China on the silk route Christopher Columbus arrives in the Americas Julian Steward conducted fieldwork in Puerto Rico

Identify whether or not later anthropologists found the following statements problematic about E. E. Evans-Pritchard's study of Sudanese communities during the 1930s, detailed in his ethnography The Nuer (1940).

Problematic of Study He adopted a synchronic approach and did not take into account historical context. He was a British citizen. Not Problematic of Study He documented the group's social structure and captured intimate details of the community's daily life. The fieldwork took place over eleven months between 1930 and 1936. The Nuer were an isolated society in Africa.

Which of the following describes how ethnography has changed along with anthropology since the early twentieth century?

With better communicaation systems, the subjects of ethnographies often read what is written about them

Match each author to his or her distinctive contribution to anthropology.

developing professional standards for fieldwork Bronislaw Malinowski studying the anthropologist's own culture Barbara Myerhoff practicing a synchronic approach to anthropological fieldwork and writing E. E. Evans-Pritchard using fieldwork to address critical public debates in the anthropologist's home culture Margaret Mead

Sean Beaty is a graduate student conducting his doctoral fieldwork among the Tlingit people of Alaska. He researches the history of Native exploitation in the region in an attempt to ensure that his work will ___. He approaches a Tlingit leader and explains the project and develops an appropriate way to ask people whether or not they wish to participate. This technique will ensure that Sean will ___. When he writes his dissertation, Sean refers to the Tlingit by name, but changes the names and identifying details of individual Tlingit people. In doing so, he will ___.

do no harm, obtain informed consent, ensure anonymity

Anthropologist Brackette Williams centered her fieldwork on the question, "Which social programs best assist homeless individuals toward acquiring adequate housing?"

false

Nancy Scheper-Hughes studied both ___ mortality and the ___ trade, subjects that may seem unrelated. Both subjects show how local experiences are connected with ___ forces of power and violence. With respect to human organ smuggling, Scheper-Hughes makes a difference with her organization___.

infant, human organs, global, organs watch

Which example represents polyvocality?

inviting key informants to write part of the ethnography that represents their lives

What is the difference between kinship analysis and social network analysis?

kinship analysis looks ar marriage and family ties, while social network analysis examines relationships throughout the community

Which ethnography set modern standards for ethnographic fieldwork?

malinowski's Argonauts of the western Pacific

In the book ___, anthropologist ___ analyzes a community of elderly Jewish immigrants in southern California and reflects on her own position as a Jewish woman. This shift from studying ___ to studying the self was coined as ___ by victor Turner.

number one days, Barbara Myerhoff, the "other", "being thrice-born"

Ethnographic writing relies on a variety of techniques and practices. Match each fictional phrase to the technique or practice that it exhibits.

polyvocality A father in Frakerville stated, "Where is my town going? Where is my life going?" anonymity "I studied a town in Maine that I call Frakerville." establishing ethnographic authority "My fieldwork in Frakerville lasted 24 months, and I developed fluency in Spanish in order to include the Spanish-speaking population of the town."

Match the definitions and examples to the correct type of data that anthropologists collect and use.

quantitative statistical information that can be measured the median income of households in study area qualitative a key informant's life story descriptive data that cannot be measured

To reach his goal of collecting data and interpreting it well, Franz Boas introduced and practiced the concepts of ___, which is the rapid gathering of all available material, and ___, or seeing the merits of each culture from that culture's perspective.

salvage ethnography, cultural relativism

Match each term to the correct definition.

the anthropologist's written observations and reflections on a community field notes the study and description of a community ethnography the analysis and comparison of ethnographic data across cultures ethnology

Which theory did "armchair anthropologists" of the late nineteenth century apply to their work?

unilineal cultural evolution