Anthro exam 3

The rights and obligations of a particular status are: Question options: roles kinship materialism social solidarity

roles

What is the name for using several plots of land in various stages of fallow and cultivation? Question options: shifting cultivation intensive agriculture transhumanism seminomadism

shifting cultivation

Which description BEST defines evolutionary social theory (cultural evolution)? Question options: the transition from an egalitarian society to a rigid social hierarchy the cultural changes associated with the rise of the industrial age in the 19th century societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence the transition from a gathering and hunting to a farming mode of subsistence

societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence

What subfield of linguistics examines the social context of language? Question options: sociolinguistics protolinguistics symbolic linguistics neurolinguistics

sociolinguistics

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argues that the language you speak influences how you do what? Question options: show creative expression relate to others think about reality do mathematics

think about reality

Quantitative studies focus on statistics. Question options:TrueFalse

true

Queer Anthropology examines how the hegemonic forces in society work to marginalize and silence alternative ways of being. Question options:TrueFalse

true

Symbols make to work culture real to those that understand them. Question options:TrueFalse

true

Transparency of power (such as the use of open-source materials) and categorizing power (through defining different types) can help minimize the malicious use of unequal power. Question options:TrueFalse

true

What percentage of the world's languages are in danger of dying out in the next hundred years? Question options: 20% 40% 50% 75%

40%

The capacity of individuals to act freely and make their own choices is called: Question options: Agency Solidarity Structure Culture

Agency

According to Weber, social change is brought about by: Question options: Charismatic individuals Moral advancement Class conflict Population growth

Charismatic individuals

According to Durkheim, society changes (or "evolves") because of: Question options: Climate change Class struggles Technology Population growth

Class struggles

Which of the following anthropologists focused on symbols as the central way that culture is composed? Question options: Bronislaw Malinowski Clifford Geertz Franz Boas Claude Levi-Strauss

Clifford Geertz

The unilateral decision of one social group to take control over the symbols, practices, and objects of another is called Question options: Cultural appreciation Cultural relativism Social solidarity Cultural appropriation

Cultural appropriation

The formal rules of a language, including how it sounds, is the study of: Question options: Historical linguistics Evolutionary linguistics Descriptive linguistics Sociolinguistics

Descriptive linguistics

"Social conflicts caused by material needs result in political and historical events as people seek to find solutions." This idea attributed to Marx is known as: Question options: Mechanical solidarity Social solidarity Sociology Dialectical materialism

Dialectical materialism

Which is an example of embodiment? Question options: Wearing a Scooby Doo costume at Halloween Dressing professionally while at work to maintain a good working relationship with colleagues Wearing your favorite scarf on a cold day Standing in line to order a drink at Starbucks

Dressing professionally while at work to maintain a good working relationship with colleagues

Social facts reinforce the collective conscience to maintain social solidarity" is a thought attributed to: Question options: Marx Durkheim Malinowski Spencer

Durkheim

Having access to material resources such as crops or oil is an example of: Question options: Social capital Symbolic capital Economic capital Cultural capital

Economic capital

Which type of colonization happens when large areas of land are occupied by imperial forces for resource extraction and locals are forced to build the infrastructure of their own subjugation and environmental ruin? Question options: Cultural imperialism Neocolonization Settler colonization Economic colonization

Economic colonization

Learning the ways of a culture in an authentic, experiential way, often also defined as the process of one generation passing on cultural values to the next is called: Question options: Modernization Socialization Cultural imperialism Enculturation

Enculturation

The biological ability of humans to make sounds and put them into meaningful sequences is the study of:

Evolutionary linguistics

Culture has an ideal and traditional form that all people strive towards. Question options:TrueFalse

False

Dialects and accents that vary from the standard language are incorrect and should be corrected. Question options:TrueFalse

False

Identity is completely constructed from the culture around us. Question options:TrueFalse

False

In Durkheim's organic solidarity, everyone in the community participates in all the same economic activities. Question options:TrueFalse

False

Most anthropologists these days take ownership of the culture they are studying. Question options:True

False

National news always manages to be unbiased in their framing of events. Question options:TrueFalse

False

Primitivism and orientalism are types of cultural relativism. Question options:TrueFalse

False

Why do humans lives in a society? Question options: Because society is inherently good To maintain social stratification To further progress the human species For collective survival

For collective survival

Technological development, agricultural development, urbanization, industrialization, and communication infrastructure are the five processes of: Question options: Globalization Structural violence Colonization Modernization

Globalization

Cultural relativism was the basis for: Question options: Functionalism Sociology Cultural Evolution Historical Particularism

Historical Particularism

Americans are often characterized by anthropologists as having a concept of the self in which individuals are primarily responsible for their own actions. This is reflected in which trait? Question options: Notoriety Sociocentism Individualism Privacy

Individualism

Education, government, medicine, and family are different areas of dense social complexity. These structures are referred to as: Question options: Social solidarity Ideologies Cultures Institutions

Institutions

Which statement about communication is false? Question options: It involves the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver. It can be voluntary or involuntary, simple or complex. It is practiced by animals as well as humans. It is synonymous with the term language.

It is synonymous with the term language.

The relationship between a person and the political state they are affiliated with describes a person's_________________. Question options: Religion Ethnicity Social Status Nationality

Nationality

The continued influence of a nation-state on a former colony after official political occupation is called: Question options: Neocolonization Settler colonization Economic colonization Cultural imperialism

Neocolonization

Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are differentiated by: Question options: Population size Environments Political and subsistence patterns Their beliefs about their own origins

Political and subsistence patterns

Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization? Question options: the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories markets expanding beyond the location where products are manufactured the moving of factories to countries such as China and Brazil for cheaper labor the economies of the United States and Western European since the late 1970s

Question options: the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories

Which type of colonization best describes what happened to the Indigenous people of North America? Question options: Economic colonization Cultural imperialism Neocolonization Settler colonization

Settler colonization

Someone who succeeds in college because they have a large family network that supports them while they study is cashing in on: Question options: Social capital Economic capital Cultural capital Symbolic capital

Social capital

The ways that individuals perceive aspects of social and natural reality and divide that reality into categories that are culturally variable are called: Question options: Social constructions Cultural relativism Modernization Ethnocentrism

Social constructions

The feeling of connectedness we feel to other members within our group is called: Question options: Materialism Social solidarity Society Cultural relativism

Social solidarity

The creation of classes in a society to reflect different levels of capital is referred to as: Question options: Social stratification Hegemony Cultural imperialism Colonization

Social stratification

Examining how people use a language in real settings rather than studying language as a formal set of rules is which kind of linguistics? Question options: Descriptive linguistics Evolutionary linguistics Historical linguistics Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics

Which of the following is not an example of liminality? Question options: Winter Break Ghosts Spending the day at work Doorways

Spending the day at work

Environmental degradation, healthcare denial, and the oppression of free speech are examples of: Question options: Structural violence Organic solidarity Mechanical solidarity Agency and structure

Structural violence

Modernization is: Question options: The use of different forms of capital to impose the will of one state on the people of another. The process in which an Indigenous population is replaced by foreign settlers. The process of decolonization as a moral gesture. The processes that make a culture compatible to the larger global economic landscape.

The processes that make a culture compatible to the larger global economic landscape.

All humans practice, use, and express culture. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Anthropologists can use the scientific method, but their findings are often not objective. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Culture is something that is understood by both actor and audience, outside of formal rules. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Culture is the unique beliefs, behaviors, norms, values, ideas, and actions that are taken for granted as a shared way of life. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Humans have the ability to ascribe meaning to things, allowing for knowledge structures to form that make life and social relations possible. Question options: True or False

True

In Durkheim's mechanical solidarity, the strongest cohesive factor is kinship. Question options:TrueFalse

True

In social settings, meaning emerges from conversation and social interaction, not (just) from rules. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Most anthropologists these days see cultural relativism as tool rather than a rule. Question options:TrueFalse

True

People are generally ethnocentric because they are most familiar with their own experiences, which feels "right" to them. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Power is maintained through the manipulation of different types of capital, structural violence, the control of ideologies, and mass surveillance. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Social constructions feel very real because we are surrounded by people immersed in the same cultural context. Question options:TrueFalse

True

Status and roles help to create structure to interact with others in society. Question options:TrueFalse

True

While a society is a collection of people that work together for survival, culture is how social relationships are facilitated and made meaningful. Question options:TrueFalse

True

In American culture, which human-other is symbolically understood as the least real? Question options: Aliens Vampires Ghosts Dinosaurs

Vampires

Which of the following anthropologists used liminality to describe how social structures make sense of the out-of-ordinary? Question options: Bronislaw Malinowski Victor Turner Franz Boas Clifford Geertz

Victor Turner

What term refers to a cultural group without an official leader? Question options: Precolonial acephalous lineage order tribal

acephalous

Which of the following BEST describes the universalist approach to understanding economic processes? Question options: relies upon fieldwork rather than statistics to understand economic processes assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world focuses on the differences between economic assumptions in various cultures creates universal rules based on those cultures that are egalitarian

assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world

What term refers to small seminomadic groups who are gatherer-hunters? Question options: villages bands tribes nomads

bands

The first method of farming developed by humans is known as what? Question options: intensive irrigation potlatches intensive agriculture extensive horticulture

extensive horticulture

Anthropologists are exclusively interested in studying culture. Question options:TrueFalse

false

Culture is synonymous to civilization. Question options:TrueFalse

false

Society is synonymous with nation or civilization. Question options:TrueFalse

false

What term refers to the process of raising animals to obtain animal by-products? Question options: farming horticulture herding animal domestication

farming

As cities and states emerged, there was an increase in demand for higher yields to support growing populations. What did this force farmers to do?

figure out new ways to store surplus

What do anthropologists believe was the first step in the development of agriculture? Question options: pastoralists using a plough to prepare the soil for replanting a pasture gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them horticulturalists practicing slash-and-burn techniques nomads experimenting with the growing of hybrid plants

gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them

hat term refers to people sharing things with no regard to value or compensation? Question options: markets potlatch redistribution generalized reciprocity

generalized reciprocity

What is the name for the use of irrigation systems, a plough, and continuous cultivation of the same plots? Question options: intensive agriculture slash and burn surplus agriculture extensive horticulture

intensive agriculture

Which farming method would generate the greatest yield and support the largest population? Question options: slash and burn extensive horticulture shifting cultivation intensive agriculture

intensive agriculture

Which area of linguistics focuses on the social contexts in which language is acquired? Question options: linguistic universals language acquisition language socialization linguistic relativity

language socialization

Which term reflects the concept that all languages have some things in common? Question options: linguistic relativity linguistic universals adaptive mimicry folk taxonomies

linguistic universals

What term describes how people interact with their environments in order to make a living? Question options: agriculture gathering and hunting modernity mode of subsistence

mode of subsistence

What term refers to a form of herding in which people live in small seasonal camps as they move with their animals? Question options: gathering and hunting nomadism foraging horticulturalists

nomadism

What mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals? Question options: plant cultivation pastoralism gathering and hunting seasonal migration

pastoralism

What term refers to the ability to convince others and build group consensus? Question options: political power persuasive power positions of authority coercive power

persuasive power