Anthro exam 3
The rights and obligations of a particular status are: Question options: roles kinship materialism social solidarity
roles
What is the name for using several plots of land in various stages of fallow and cultivation? Question options: shifting cultivation intensive agriculture transhumanism seminomadism
shifting cultivation
Which description BEST defines evolutionary social theory (cultural evolution)? Question options: the transition from an egalitarian society to a rigid social hierarchy the cultural changes associated with the rise of the industrial age in the 19th century societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence the transition from a gathering and hunting to a farming mode of subsistence
societies moving from one form of social organization to another in a linear evolutionary sequence
What subfield of linguistics examines the social context of language? Question options: sociolinguistics protolinguistics symbolic linguistics neurolinguistics
sociolinguistics
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argues that the language you speak influences how you do what? Question options: show creative expression relate to others think about reality do mathematics
think about reality
Quantitative studies focus on statistics. Question options:TrueFalse
true
Queer Anthropology examines how the hegemonic forces in society work to marginalize and silence alternative ways of being. Question options:TrueFalse
true
Symbols make to work culture real to those that understand them. Question options:TrueFalse
true
Transparency of power (such as the use of open-source materials) and categorizing power (through defining different types) can help minimize the malicious use of unequal power. Question options:TrueFalse
true
What percentage of the world's languages are in danger of dying out in the next hundred years? Question options: 20% 40% 50% 75%
40%
The capacity of individuals to act freely and make their own choices is called: Question options: Agency Solidarity Structure Culture
Agency
According to Weber, social change is brought about by: Question options: Charismatic individuals Moral advancement Class conflict Population growth
Charismatic individuals
According to Durkheim, society changes (or "evolves") because of: Question options: Climate change Class struggles Technology Population growth
Class struggles
Which of the following anthropologists focused on symbols as the central way that culture is composed? Question options: Bronislaw Malinowski Clifford Geertz Franz Boas Claude Levi-Strauss
Clifford Geertz
The unilateral decision of one social group to take control over the symbols, practices, and objects of another is called Question options: Cultural appreciation Cultural relativism Social solidarity Cultural appropriation
Cultural appropriation
The formal rules of a language, including how it sounds, is the study of: Question options: Historical linguistics Evolutionary linguistics Descriptive linguistics Sociolinguistics
Descriptive linguistics
"Social conflicts caused by material needs result in political and historical events as people seek to find solutions." This idea attributed to Marx is known as: Question options: Mechanical solidarity Social solidarity Sociology Dialectical materialism
Dialectical materialism
Which is an example of embodiment? Question options: Wearing a Scooby Doo costume at Halloween Dressing professionally while at work to maintain a good working relationship with colleagues Wearing your favorite scarf on a cold day Standing in line to order a drink at Starbucks
Dressing professionally while at work to maintain a good working relationship with colleagues
Social facts reinforce the collective conscience to maintain social solidarity" is a thought attributed to: Question options: Marx Durkheim Malinowski Spencer
Durkheim
Having access to material resources such as crops or oil is an example of: Question options: Social capital Symbolic capital Economic capital Cultural capital
Economic capital
Which type of colonization happens when large areas of land are occupied by imperial forces for resource extraction and locals are forced to build the infrastructure of their own subjugation and environmental ruin? Question options: Cultural imperialism Neocolonization Settler colonization Economic colonization
Economic colonization
Learning the ways of a culture in an authentic, experiential way, often also defined as the process of one generation passing on cultural values to the next is called: Question options: Modernization Socialization Cultural imperialism Enculturation
Enculturation
The biological ability of humans to make sounds and put them into meaningful sequences is the study of:
Evolutionary linguistics
Culture has an ideal and traditional form that all people strive towards. Question options:TrueFalse
False
Dialects and accents that vary from the standard language are incorrect and should be corrected. Question options:TrueFalse
False
Identity is completely constructed from the culture around us. Question options:TrueFalse
False
In Durkheim's organic solidarity, everyone in the community participates in all the same economic activities. Question options:TrueFalse
False
Most anthropologists these days take ownership of the culture they are studying. Question options:True
False
National news always manages to be unbiased in their framing of events. Question options:TrueFalse
False
Primitivism and orientalism are types of cultural relativism. Question options:TrueFalse
False
Why do humans lives in a society? Question options: Because society is inherently good To maintain social stratification To further progress the human species For collective survival
For collective survival
Technological development, agricultural development, urbanization, industrialization, and communication infrastructure are the five processes of: Question options: Globalization Structural violence Colonization Modernization
Globalization
Cultural relativism was the basis for: Question options: Functionalism Sociology Cultural Evolution Historical Particularism
Historical Particularism
Americans are often characterized by anthropologists as having a concept of the self in which individuals are primarily responsible for their own actions. This is reflected in which trait? Question options: Notoriety Sociocentism Individualism Privacy
Individualism
Education, government, medicine, and family are different areas of dense social complexity. These structures are referred to as: Question options: Social solidarity Ideologies Cultures Institutions
Institutions
Which statement about communication is false? Question options: It involves the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver. It can be voluntary or involuntary, simple or complex. It is practiced by animals as well as humans. It is synonymous with the term language.
It is synonymous with the term language.
The relationship between a person and the political state they are affiliated with describes a person's_________________. Question options: Religion Ethnicity Social Status Nationality
Nationality
The continued influence of a nation-state on a former colony after official political occupation is called: Question options: Neocolonization Settler colonization Economic colonization Cultural imperialism
Neocolonization
Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states are differentiated by: Question options: Population size Environments Political and subsistence patterns Their beliefs about their own origins
Political and subsistence patterns
Which of the following is NOT associated with globalization? Question options: the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories markets expanding beyond the location where products are manufactured the moving of factories to countries such as China and Brazil for cheaper labor the economies of the United States and Western European since the late 1970s
Question options: the rise of the Industrial Age and the growth of local factories
Which type of colonization best describes what happened to the Indigenous people of North America? Question options: Economic colonization Cultural imperialism Neocolonization Settler colonization
Settler colonization
Someone who succeeds in college because they have a large family network that supports them while they study is cashing in on: Question options: Social capital Economic capital Cultural capital Symbolic capital
Social capital
The ways that individuals perceive aspects of social and natural reality and divide that reality into categories that are culturally variable are called: Question options: Social constructions Cultural relativism Modernization Ethnocentrism
Social constructions
The feeling of connectedness we feel to other members within our group is called: Question options: Materialism Social solidarity Society Cultural relativism
Social solidarity
The creation of classes in a society to reflect different levels of capital is referred to as: Question options: Social stratification Hegemony Cultural imperialism Colonization
Social stratification
Examining how people use a language in real settings rather than studying language as a formal set of rules is which kind of linguistics? Question options: Descriptive linguistics Evolutionary linguistics Historical linguistics Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
Which of the following is not an example of liminality? Question options: Winter Break Ghosts Spending the day at work Doorways
Spending the day at work
Environmental degradation, healthcare denial, and the oppression of free speech are examples of: Question options: Structural violence Organic solidarity Mechanical solidarity Agency and structure
Structural violence
Modernization is: Question options: The use of different forms of capital to impose the will of one state on the people of another. The process in which an Indigenous population is replaced by foreign settlers. The process of decolonization as a moral gesture. The processes that make a culture compatible to the larger global economic landscape.
The processes that make a culture compatible to the larger global economic landscape.
All humans practice, use, and express culture. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Anthropologists can use the scientific method, but their findings are often not objective. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Culture is something that is understood by both actor and audience, outside of formal rules. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Culture is the unique beliefs, behaviors, norms, values, ideas, and actions that are taken for granted as a shared way of life. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Humans have the ability to ascribe meaning to things, allowing for knowledge structures to form that make life and social relations possible. Question options: True or False
True
In Durkheim's mechanical solidarity, the strongest cohesive factor is kinship. Question options:TrueFalse
True
In social settings, meaning emerges from conversation and social interaction, not (just) from rules. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Most anthropologists these days see cultural relativism as tool rather than a rule. Question options:TrueFalse
True
People are generally ethnocentric because they are most familiar with their own experiences, which feels "right" to them. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Power is maintained through the manipulation of different types of capital, structural violence, the control of ideologies, and mass surveillance. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Social constructions feel very real because we are surrounded by people immersed in the same cultural context. Question options:TrueFalse
True
Status and roles help to create structure to interact with others in society. Question options:TrueFalse
True
While a society is a collection of people that work together for survival, culture is how social relationships are facilitated and made meaningful. Question options:TrueFalse
True
In American culture, which human-other is symbolically understood as the least real? Question options: Aliens Vampires Ghosts Dinosaurs
Vampires
Which of the following anthropologists used liminality to describe how social structures make sense of the out-of-ordinary? Question options: Bronislaw Malinowski Victor Turner Franz Boas Clifford Geertz
Victor Turner
What term refers to a cultural group without an official leader? Question options: Precolonial acephalous lineage order tribal
acephalous
Which of the following BEST describes the universalist approach to understanding economic processes? Question options: relies upon fieldwork rather than statistics to understand economic processes assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world focuses on the differences between economic assumptions in various cultures creates universal rules based on those cultures that are egalitarian
assumes that economic processes work the same way all over the world
What term refers to small seminomadic groups who are gatherer-hunters? Question options: villages bands tribes nomads
bands
The first method of farming developed by humans is known as what? Question options: intensive irrigation potlatches intensive agriculture extensive horticulture
extensive horticulture
Anthropologists are exclusively interested in studying culture. Question options:TrueFalse
false
Culture is synonymous to civilization. Question options:TrueFalse
false
Society is synonymous with nation or civilization. Question options:TrueFalse
false
What term refers to the process of raising animals to obtain animal by-products? Question options: farming horticulture herding animal domestication
farming
As cities and states emerged, there was an increase in demand for higher yields to support growing populations. What did this force farmers to do?
figure out new ways to store surplus
What do anthropologists believe was the first step in the development of agriculture? Question options: pastoralists using a plough to prepare the soil for replanting a pasture gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them horticulturalists practicing slash-and-burn techniques nomads experimenting with the growing of hybrid plants
gatherer-hunters growing plants in areas that were more convenient for them
hat term refers to people sharing things with no regard to value or compensation? Question options: markets potlatch redistribution generalized reciprocity
generalized reciprocity
What is the name for the use of irrigation systems, a plough, and continuous cultivation of the same plots? Question options: intensive agriculture slash and burn surplus agriculture extensive horticulture
intensive agriculture
Which farming method would generate the greatest yield and support the largest population? Question options: slash and burn extensive horticulture shifting cultivation intensive agriculture
intensive agriculture
Which area of linguistics focuses on the social contexts in which language is acquired? Question options: linguistic universals language acquisition language socialization linguistic relativity
language socialization
Which term reflects the concept that all languages have some things in common? Question options: linguistic relativity linguistic universals adaptive mimicry folk taxonomies
linguistic universals
What term describes how people interact with their environments in order to make a living? Question options: agriculture gathering and hunting modernity mode of subsistence
mode of subsistence
What term refers to a form of herding in which people live in small seasonal camps as they move with their animals? Question options: gathering and hunting nomadism foraging horticulturalists
nomadism
What mode of subsistence is associated with the care and use of domesticated herd animals? Question options: plant cultivation pastoralism gathering and hunting seasonal migration
pastoralism
What term refers to the ability to convince others and build group consensus? Question options: political power persuasive power positions of authority coercive power
persuasive power
