Anthropology 101 - Exam 4

martyr

someone who is killed for their religious beliefs example: prince lazar

feature

something found at an archeological site that cannot be moved, fire stain on the ground

lost boys

southern sudanese boys who are displaced without parental figures. between the ages of 6 and 12. flee southern Sudan during the second Sudanese War and go to refugee camps in neighboring countries.

separation

stage 1 - detachment of prior group. symbolized of "cutting"

liminality

stage 2 - the transition stage, person learning new things. not yet completely inducted into new group.

thok ding

subject of the reading, born in sudan and legally resettled in minnesota through a voluntary lutheran church agency.

biblical archaeology

tackles the conflict between science and religion

india

takara's ghost in an Indian Village.

religion

the cultural knowledge of the supernatural that people use to cope with the ultimate problems of human existence. set of attitudes, beliefs, practices pertaining to a supernatural power, dieities, and the world around them.

taraka

the ghost of Sita's cousin who committed suicide in a well for getting pregnant in wedlock to another man

ultimate reality

the joining of all souls in one

archaeology

the study of human history and prehistory through excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.

prehistoric archaeology

the study of the past before historical records began.

karma

the sum of good and bad actions

taboos

things you should not do. breaking a taboo brings bad luck. too scared or too controversial to occur by the average person. "doing the unthinkable". enforced by social punishment and how others will think about you.

internally displaced person

those who have left their home but are still in their own country

trobriand islanders

used fishing magic in open sea settings.

advocate anthropology

using what they know about a culture to bridge a divide between the media or the government

volag

volunary agency that helps refugees find a place to live, get a lob, learn social bits, etc.

internal displacement

when a person is displaces within their country due to war, political debates, or famine.

social marginalization

when people are blocked from opportunities example: nuer and dinka

botswana, tswana

where peace corps volunteers went to help the people. cross-cultural differences resulted in PCV quitting. main differences were with the concept of time and face-to-face interactions.

genevive bell

worked with intel, blended technology and culture

sita

young indian bride (15 years old) who was known for being possessed.

space and privacy (botswana v american)

"alone time" for relaxation and reflection in american culture being alone is considered weird and signifies mental problems.

oral contracts (botswana v america)

"may" "might" "will" american: idle promises tswana: desire/necessity/oral contract

cargo cults - define

(in the Melanesian Islands) a system of belief based around the expected arrival of ancestral spirits in ships bringing cargoes of food and other goods.

fundamental issues that are applicable worldwide

ethical, political, methodological issues

open sea fishing

fish varied, more dangerous, more emphasis on fishing magic.

applied anthropology

fits into other four classes of anthropology but is also its own entity. "anthropology put to good use". anthropological research done to solve practical problems.

dacca

ghost of a conjurer

disaster anthropology

holistic view. uses semi-structured interviews, participant observation, media analysis. the study of how people are affected by disasters.

ubuntu

humanity towards others. a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity.

sympathetic magic

imitative magic examples: fetishes, charms, voodoo dolls, cargo cults

kalkaji

indian goddess of cremation

hanuman

indian monkey god

nuer

pastoral culture revolving around cattle. patrilineal. clans, lineages, taboos

hoyt aversion

peace corps leader in botswana.

refugees

people who are displaced due to a well-founded fear of being persecuted. refugee camps. legally resettle in another country.

vulnerable people

people who lack money, power, or knowledge. harder for vulnerable people to navigate through a disaster.

immigrants

people who move from their native country looking for prosperity and opportunity

animal that is associated with ritual

pigeons. they repeat the actions of how they last received food in hopes to receive more food.

inner lagoon fishing

plentiful fish, little danger, less emphasis on fishing magic.

rite of passage - stage three

reincorporation

religious rituals

religious ceremonies, philosophies, and morality.

rites of passage

rituals that enact a change of status from one stage of life to the next. 3 stages.

yama

ruler of the land of the dead

rite of passage - stage one

separation

reincorporation

assumes new identity, rite is complete, new status.

ritual

set behaviors (ACTIONS) that have no connection to the end result but are believed that participating in them will result in supernatural help

scarification

Nuer ritual that marks entry into manhood. 6 cuts on either side of forehead.

The Lost Boys of Sudan

Two Dinka boys (santino and peter). struggles: learning english, adapting to new culture, getting jobs, pursuing education, physical differences, relative poverty.

serbia

attempted to mass kill non-serbians. caused the US and UN to step in and create a peace plan, which was not agreed to. US began bombing to get the Serbian government to cooperate but they did not and thousands of Serbs fled the country seeking shelter and safety from the mass chaos.

slobodan milosevic

authoritarian leader of yugoslavia (communist country) whose goal was to beak up kosovo (serbia). ethnic cleaning against non-serbs.

flakes

baseball players with too many or bizarre rituals

the bull of winter

a beast that brings the deep, dry, cold, snowless winter months (3 months long)

climate change

a change in global or regional climate patterns

ex nihilo

a creation myth, creation out of nothing, how the world was created

culture shock

a form of anxiety that results from an inability to predict the behavior or others or to act appropriately in cross-cultural situations.

jahar

a hindu-muslim saint

fetishes/charms

an OBJECT that is believed to bring good luck/ charm

artifact

an object made by a human that has historic or cultural importance

victor turner

anthropologist who defines the rites of passage.

navajo

believe in a range of supernatural beliefs. skin walkers are witches who transform into animals and poison people

emile durkheim

believed that religion is social, not personal beliefs but rather a system to reinforce social bonds.

cargo cults - action

building things to attract more airplanes and get more help/stuff. building replica airports to make other airplanes come.

dinka

cattle are important. patrilineal. supernatural powers towards social offenders.

sita's sewing machine

cause of her anxiety. she felt that it provided her with a higher status but it was considered to be a mans job (tailoring was a mans job and working machinery was also a mans job)

structuralism

cohesive framework among cultures

two main domains of conflict for PCV

consciousness of time, presentation of face in daily interactions

transnationalism

cross-cutting social ties through nation-states. modern day technology (cell phones, computers, internet, etc.) help this occur.

prince lazar

dead prince of serbia who died for his beliefs. symbol of martyr.

methods of talking to ghost

direct conversation (identification & attempting to satisfy its wishes) verbal abuse physical abuse

rapid response fieldwork

disaster anthropology; research methods that focus on the rapid timespan

taraka's ghost setting

late 1950s, north indian village

biloxi, mississippi

less than 50k people seafood (shrimp) tourism (casinos on barges) military *heavily affected by Hurricane Katrina in 2005

rite of passage - stage two

liminality

adjustment anthropology

making social interactions more predictable, working with victims of culture shock and working with companies to bridge a gap. example: hired when sending employees overseas to share about cultures and diminish future culture shock

cultural resource management

manages cultural resources so that they are not lost or disrupted.

a disaster occurs when...

natural disaster and a vulnerable group of people.

gaar

nuer word for scars

ecofact

organic material found at an archeological site that is significant to studies, natural objects found alongside artifacts or features