Human A&P- Final Exam

ATP is necessary for muscle relaxation. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

Ach released by a motor neuron crosses the synaptic cleft and reaches the motor end plate by diffusion. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

True

Endomysium separates individual muscle fibers from each other. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

Most people have 24 ribs. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

True

Pain sensations arising from visceral organs may be caused by the stretching of tissues. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

True

The conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the anterior surface of the sclera. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

The minimal strength of stimulation needed to elicit a muscle contraction is called the threshold stimulus. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

Vitamin D is needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

True

The term "muscle" can refer to Select one: a. All of the choices are correct. b. a cell c. an organ d. a tissue

a. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of endochondral bone? Select one: a. Osteoblasts deposit compact bone beneath the periosteum. b. Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue. c. Osteoblasts deposit osseous tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage. d. Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone. e. Hyaline cartilage develops into the shape of the future bone.

b. Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.

The region of receptors on the retina that gives the sharpest vision is the Select one: a. optic disk b. optic nerve c. fovea centralis d. vascular tunic e. conjunctiva

c. fovea centralis

Articular cartilage is _______ Select one: a. located on the diaphysis of long bones. b. fibrocartilage. c. hyaline cartilage. d. found only in the knees and elbows. e. elastic cartilage.

c. hyaline cartilage.

A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the _______ Select one: a. palatine bones. b. frontal bone. c. maxillae. d. vomer bone. e. mandible.

c. maxillae.

Blowing the nose improperly may cause an infection in the auditory tube to spread to the Select one: a. outer ear. b. auricle. c. middle ear. d. cochlea. e. inner ear.

c. middle ear.

The auditory ossicles are located in the Select one: a. auditory cortex. b. inner ear. c. middle ear. d. external ear. e. bony labyrinth.

c. middle ear.

A muscle cramp is most likely due to a temporary lack of Select one: a. motor neurons b. actin c. ADP d. ATP e. myosin

d. ATP

Which of the following is part of the facial skeleton? Select one: a. Sphenoid bone b. Temporal bone c. Parietal bone d. Maxillary bone e. Ethmoid bone

d. Maxillary bone

Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye? Select one: a. Cornea b. Choroid coat c. Ciliary body d. Retina e. Sclera

d. Retina

Which of the following is included in the pectoral girdle? Select one: a. Coccyx b. Sternum c. Hip bone d. Scapula e. Sacrum

d. Scapula

Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male? Select one: a. The female coccyx is less movable. b. The female pelvic cavity is narrower. c. The distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less. d. The distance between the female ischial spines is greater. e. The female iliac bones are less flared.

d. The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone? Select one: a. To protect soft tissues b. To store inorganic salts c. To house blood-producing cells d. To provide nervous communication from bone to muscle e. To provide points of attachment for muscles

d. To provide nervous communication from bone to muscle

Worldwide, blindness is most commonly caused by changes in the Select one: a. lens. b. sclera. c. nervous tunic. d. cornea. e. vascular tunic.

d. cornea.

The microscopic bony chambers that house mature bone cells are called _______ Select one: a. central canals. b. perforating canals. c. osteons. d. lacunae. e. canaliculi.

d. lacunae.

Treatment for cataract usually removes the Select one: a. retina. b. cornea. c. sclera. d. lens. e. vitreous humor.

d. lens.

Neurotransmitter molecules are stored in vesicles within Select one: a. myofibrils b. motor end plates c. sarcomeres d. motor neuron endings e. motor units

d. motor neuron endings

The auditory nerve pathways carry impulses to the auditory cortices in the Select one: a. cerebellum. b. parietal lobes. c. frontal lobes. d. temporal lobes. e. occipital lobes.

d. temporal lobes.

The ampullae are swellings containing sensory receptors associated with Select one: a. taste. b. the cochlea. c. the auricles. d. the semicircular canals. e. the optic nerve.

d. the semicircular canals.

Cardiac muscle is located in the walls of blood vessels. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

False

In the initiation of muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to tropomyosin, exposing active sites on actin for cross-bridge formation. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

False

Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from which the pain originated. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

False

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

False

The auditory ossicles are located in the inner ear. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

False

The hip joint is a pivot joint. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

False

The parietal bones meet the frontal bone along the sagittal suture. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

False

The tarsal bones form the wrist. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

False

When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter of the pupil decreases. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

False

A meniscus functions to cushion articulating surfaces of bones. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

True

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls constitute a motor unit. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

Nerve impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

Osteoclasts are large cells that cause the breakdown of osseous tissue. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

True

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces within a joint. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the chances of developing an eye infection. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

The enzyme ATPase occurs in the globular portion of myosin molecules. Select one: a. FALSE b. TRUE

True

The importance of fontanels in the infant's skull is to permit some movement of bones, thereby enabling the infant to pass more easily though the birth canal. Select one: a. TRUE b. FALSE

True

The moveable end of a muscle is attached at its Select one: a. motor end plate b. insertion c. source d. fulcrum e. origin

b. insertion

The femur _______ Select one: a. articulates with the patella. b. is all of these. c. has a large rounded head. d. is the longest bone in the body. e. extends from the hip to the knee.

b. is all of these.

In a recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the time a stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called the Select one: a. refractory period b. latent period c. contraction period d. recovery period e. relaxation period

b. latent period

When a muscle undergoes atrophy in response to disuse, Select one: a. All of the answer choices are correct. b. the number of mitochondria decreases c. there is a reduction in capillary networks d. the muscle gets smaller e. the size of actin and myosin filaments decreases

a. All of the answer choices are correct.

The respiratory areas are in the pons and in the Select one: a. cerebellum. b. medulla oblongata. c. cerebrum. d. thalamus. e. midbrain.

b. medulla oblongata.

The muscle primarily responsible for opposing a particular action is called the Select one: a. antagonist b. prime mover c. agonist d. synergist e. origin

a. antagonist

The lens of the eye thickens when the Select one: a. ciliary muscles contract. b. circular fibers of the iris contract. c. ciliary processes relax. d. ciliary muscles relax. e. suspensory ligaments pull on the lens capsule.

a. ciliary muscles contract.

The zygomatic bone is an example of a (an) _______ Select one: a. irregular bone. b. sesamoid bone. c. flat bone. d. short bone. e. long bone.

a. irregular bone.

The auditory tube connects the throat with the Select one: a. middle ear. b. auricle. c. inner ear. d. outer ear. e. auditory cortex.

a. middle ear.

The characteristic reddish brown color of skeletal muscle comes from which substance? Select one: a. myoglobin b. calcium c. actin d. muscle glycogen e. myosin

a. myoglobin

Olfactory receptor cells are best described as Select one: a. neurons. b. squamous epithelial cells. c. connective tissue cells. d. columnar epithelial cells. e. modified smooth muscle cells.

a. neurons.

A motor unit typically includes Select one: a. one motor neuron and several muscle fibers b. several motor neurons and one muscle fiber c. motor neurons only d. several motor neurons and several muscle fibers e. muscle fibers only

a. one motor neuron and several muscle fibers

The cells responsible for removing excess bone tissue after the fracture repair process are _______ Select one: a. osteoclasts. b. osteocytes. c. fibroblasts. d. chondrocytes. e. osteoblasts.

a. osteoclasts.

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of _______ Select one: a. red and white blood cells and platelets. b. white blood cells only. c. red blood cells only. d. red and white blood cells only. e. osteocytes.

a. red and white blood cells and platelets.

Rod cells contain the pigment Select one: a. rhodopsin. b. cyanolabe. c. chlorolabe. d. epinephrine. e. erythrolabe.

a. rhodopsin.

Activities such as distance swimming and distance running are most likely to stimulate development of Select one: a. slow fatigue-resistant muscle fibers b. None of the choices are correct. c. fast fatigable muscle fibers d. slow fatigable muscle fibers e. fast fatigue-resistant muscle fibers

a. slow fatigue-resistant muscle fibers

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that _______ Select one: a. the bone is lengthening. b. the bone is broken. c. the bone is dead. d. the bone is increasing in diameter. e. the bone is no longer lengthening.

a. the bone is lengthening.

Floaters that cast shadows on the visual receptors are usually located in the Select one: a. vitreous humor. b. lens. c. aqueous humor. d. cornea. e. iris.

a. vitreous humor.

The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of the _______ Select one: a. zygomatic and temporal bones. b. temporal and parietal bones. c. zygomatic and sphenoid bones. d. maxilla and temporal bones. e. zygomatic and maxilla bones.

a. zygomatic and temporal bones.

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation? Select one: a. Bitter b. Pungent c. Salty d. Sweet e. Sour

b. Pungent

Which of the following bones is NOT included within the lower limb? Select one: a. Patella b. Ulna c. Femur d. Fibula e. Tibia

b. Ulna

A sarcomere is best described as _______ Select one: a. All of the choices are correct. b. a unit within a myofibril c. a part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. a group of fascicles e. a group of myofibrils

b. a unit within a myofibril

Myofibrils are composed primarily of Select one: a. ATP and ADP b. actin and myosin c. troponin and tropomyosin d. perimysium and endomysium e. fascia and tendons

b. actin and myosin

Pain receptors Select one: a. are widely distributed in the nerve tissues of the brain. b. are generally stimulated by factors that can damage tissues. c. are all of the above. d. are among the most specialized receptors. e. adapt rapidly.

b. are generally stimulated by factors that can damage tissues.

The degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis may develop as a result of damage to the _______ Select one: a. epiphyseal plate. b. articular cartilage. c. medullary cavity. d. periosteum. e. diaphysis.

b. articular cartilage.

The salts that are abundant in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue consist largely of _______ Select one: a. sodium chloride. b. calcium phosphate. c. sodium bicarbonate. d. calcium carbonate. e. calcium sulfate.

b. calcium phosphate.

Functions of muscle include Select one: a. production of heat. b. muscle tone. c. All of the choices are correct. d. moving body parts. e. the heartbeat.

c. All of the choices are correct.

Nightblindness is most commonly caused by Select one: a. damage to the cornea. b. a toxic effect of vitamin A. c. an improper diet. d. damage to the optic nerve. e. loss of cones from the retina.

c. an improper diet.

An osteocyte is a _______ Select one: a. bone forming cell. b. cell that breaks down bone. c. bone cell surrounded by matrix. d. nerve cell in the bone. e. bone marrow cell.

c. bone cell surrounded by matrix.

The olfactory receptors are examples of Select one: a. proprioceptors. b. thermoreceptors. c. chemoreceptors. d. mechanoreceptors. e. pressure receptors.

c. chemoreceptors.

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to Select one: a. form cross bridges b. bind to actin c. decompose d. None of the choices are correct. e. be secreted from the motor end plate

c. decompose

Bone that develops within sheetlike layers of connective tissue is called _______ Select one: a. osteoclastic bone. b. endochondral bone. c. intramembranous bone. d. appendicular bone. e. cartilaginous bone.

c. intramembranous bone.

The threshold stimulus is the Select one: a. the minimal amount of force a muscle can exert b. the maximal amount of force a muscle can exert c. minimum strength of stimulus required to cause muscle fiber contraction to occur d. the maximal amount of stimulation a muscle can withstand e. the amount of oxygen a muscle needs for repeated contractions

c. minimum strength of stimulus required to cause muscle fiber contraction to occur

Taste receptors are Select one: a. unable to divide. b. found only on the cheeks and roof of the mouth. c. modified epithelial cells. d. found only on the tongue. e. modified connective tissue cells.

c. modified epithelial cells.

Binding sites on the surface of actin allow the formation of cross bridges with molecules of Select one: a. tropomyosin b. ATP c. myosin d. troponin e. creatine

c. myosin

The amount of oxygen needed to support the conversion of lactic acid to glucose by the liver is called the Select one: a. anaerobic value b. lactate debt c. oxygen debt d. aerobic conversion e. refractory quantity

c. oxygen debt

The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called Select one: a. all-or-none response b. latency c. recruitment d. summation e. threshold stimulation

c. recruitment

If you enter a fish market and smell the strong fishy odor, but the odor quickly seems to fade away, you have experienced Select one: a. sensory deprivation. b. a change in the concentration of the substance you smelled. c. sensory adaptation. d. damage to your sensory receptors. e. a change in the room temperature.

c. sensory adaptation.

Anosmia a loss of the sense of Select one: a. touch. b. hearing. c. smell. d. vision. e. pain.

c. smell.

The hearing receptors are contained in the Select one: a. utricle. b. semicircular canals. c. spiral organ. d. saccule. e. ampulla.

c. spiral organ.

Cervical vertebrae can be distinguished from other types by the presence of Select one: a. intervertebral discs. b. articulating processes. c. transverse foramina. d. transverse processes. e. vertebral foramina.

c. transverse foramina.

Which of the following increase the risk of developing osteoporosis? Select one: a. Lack of physical exercise b. Low intake of vitamin D c. Smoking d. Low intake of dietary calcium e. All of these

e. All of these

Which of the following correctly lists the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye? Select one: a. Aqueous humor, vitreous humor, cornea, lens b. Vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea c. Aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor d. Cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor e. Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

e. Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Which of the following bones has an acromion process? Select one: a. Humerus b. Clavicle c. Vertebra d. Sternum e. Scapula

e. Scapula

Which of the following would cause a form of conductive hearing impairment? Select one: a. Damage to the cochlear hair cells b. Damage to the temporal lobe c. Tumor in the brain d. Damage to the acoustic nerve e. Torn tympanic membrane

e. Torn tympanic membrane

Which of the following is NOT included in the appendicular skeleton? Select one: a. Pectoral girdle b. Lower limbs c. Pelvic girdle d. Upper limbs e. Vertebral column

e. Vertebral column

Glaucoma is usually caused by Select one: a. clouding of the lens capsule. b. loss of transparency of the cornea. c. clouding of the lens. d. accumulation of vitreous humor. e. accumulation of aqueous humor.

e. accumulation of aqueous humor.

A bone includes _______ Select one: a. bone tissue. b. blood. c. dense connective tissue. d. cartilage. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

A hip bone includes a (an) _______ Select one: a. acetabulum. b. pubis. c. ischium. d. ilium. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle Select one: a. is under voluntary control b. contracts more rapidly and relaxes more slowly c. contracts more rapidly and relaxes more rapidly d. contracts more slowly and relaxes more rapidly e. contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly

e. contracts more slowly and relaxes more slowly

Multiunit smooth muscle Select one: a. occurs in the walls of the stomach and intestines b. is composed of sheets of muscle cells c. None of the choices apply. d. tends to display rhythmicity e. responds to stimulation by neurons and certain hormones

e. responds to stimulation by neurons and certain hormones

The joints between the vertebrae of the backbone are best described as _______ Select one: a. fibrous. b. freely movable. c. immovable. d. synovial. e. slightly movable.

e. slightly movable.

Creatine phosphate Select one: a. causes the decomposition of ATP b. causes the decomposition of ADP c. supplies energy for the breakdown of ATP to ADP d. binds to Ach receptors e. supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP

e. supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP

The electrical impulse that triggers a contraction travels deep into a skeletal muscle fiber by means of Select one: a. mitochondria b. gap junctions c. motor end plates d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. transverse tubules

e. transverse tubules

Sinuses are found within all of the following bones except the _______ Select one: a. ethmoid bones. b. sphenoid bones. c. maxillae. d. frontal bone. e. zygomatic bones.

e. zygomatic bones.