Anthropology 101:Final Exam-Unit 2 Guide

11 of 501.0 Points A genetic analysis performed on Neandertal remains at the El Sidrón site in Spain suggests that: A. the males of the group were biologically related, but the females were not related either to the males or to each other B. none of the people in the group were biologically related C. the females of the group were biologically related, but the males were not related either to the females or to each other D. all members of the group were biologically closely related Answer

A

16 of 501.0 Points Neandertal burials: A. are less complex than those of ancient modern humans but nevertheless clear evidence of a ritual disposal of the dead B. were almost certainly only for hygienic purposes C. are usually filled with ritual artifacts, evidence of a Neandertal belief in a life after death D. are a fiction; a careful reanalysis of site reports shows that the burials were only in the minds of the excavators Answer

A

17 of 501.0 Points Neandertals and anatomically modern Homo sapiens overlap in time for about how long in Southwest Asia: A. at least 40,000 years B. about 10,000 years C. less than 1,000 years D. they don't overlap; the last of the Neandertals died out before the first of the anatomically modern human beings appeared Answer

A

18 of 501.0 Points In the consensus view, anatomically modern human beings evolved in: A. Africa B. Southwest Asia C. southern Europa D. Java Answer

A

24 of 501.0 Points The function of a spear-thrower is to: A. artificially extend the arm of the thrower B. exploit the potential energy in woven rope C. allow for throwing multiple projectiles simultaneously D. all of the above Answer

A

27 of 501.0 Points The Upper Paleolithic tradition characterized by retouched blades, engraving tools called burins, and stone scrapers is called the: A. Aurignacian B. Gravettian C. Solutrean D. Magdelanian Answer

A

40 of 501.0 Points What is the diagnostic artifact type from Dyuktai Cave in central Siberia? A. wedge-shaped cores B. bifacial spear points C. fluted points D. bone harpoons Answer

A

49 of 501.0 Points When genetic material has been extracted from the oldest human skeletons found in the New World, their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are most similar to which Old World people: A. Northeast Asians B. Polynesians C. South Asians D. they are not similar to any Old World group Answer

A

5 of 501.0 Points Replicative studies have shown that about how many consistently sized and shaped flakes could be removed, on average, from a single Levallois core: A. four or five B. one or two C. twenty D. none; Levallois was a technique for producing core tools, not flakes Answer

A

7 of 501.0 Points Marcellin Boule's reconstruction of "Neanderthal Man" depicted the hominin as: A. a bent-kneed, splay-toed, primitive beast B. essentially modern in appearance C. a gorilla D. a large-brained quadruped Answer

A

9 of 501.0 Points CT scans tracking the development of the brains of modern human children exhibit a dramatic widening of the temporal lobes during their first year of life. When compared to endocasts made of the crania of Neandertal children, Neandertal brain development is most similar to that seen in: A. modern human children B. modern chimpanzees C. Homo erectus D. none of the above; Neandertal brain development isn't similar to any other species Answer

B

Premodern Homo sapiens shows up in the fossil record about how long ago: A. 1 million years ago B. 400,000 years ago C. 250,000 years ago D. 100,000 years ago Answer

B

34 of 501.0 Points The earliest settlement of Australia occurred how long ago: A. across a land bridge connecting southeast Asia and New Guinea B. via boat from New Zealand C. via boat from southeast Asia D. when the islands of Micronesia were part of a vast Pacific continent called Lemuria Answer

C

35 of 501.0 Points The unique marsupial fauna of Australia is directly attributable to that continent's: A. extremely hot and dry climate B. location far south of the equator C. isolation D. lack of any large predator species Answer

C

36 of 501.0 Points There are essentially two schools of thought concerning the timing of the first human settlement of Australia, one that believes it took place: A. before 1.5 million years ago and one that believes it took place about 500,000 years ago B. more than 100,000 years ago and one that believes it took place about 20,000 years ago C. before 60,000 years ago and one that believes it took place about 40,000 years ago D. before 20,000 years ago and one that believes it took place about 12,500 years ago Answer

C

39 of 501.0 Points Of the five mitochondrial haplogroups seen in Native Americans, how many can be traced to east-central Asia: A. one B. two C. all five D. none of the five mtDNA haplogroups in the New World can be traced to east-central Asia Answer

C

41 of 501.0 Points Two likely routes humans took into the New World at the end of the Pleistocene are: A. across the frozen tundra of Antarctica B. across a land bridge linking Scandinavia with Greenland C. along the coast of Beringia and through the Beringian interior D. all of the above Answer

C

45 of 501.0 Points The location of Meadowcroft Rockshelter poses a problem for those studying the earliest human migration into the New World because: A. it is in South America, far from the Beringian entry point B. it is right where the Cordilleran and Laurentide glaciers are thought to have coalesced C. there is no trail of successively older sites leading back to the Beringian entry point D. it was situated in the glacial tundra and it is thought that no human group has ever successfully adapted to such a harsh environment Answer

C

48 of 501.0 Points According to archaeologist David Meltzer, with Monte Verde's age in mind, about when must the ancestors of this site have entered the New World via Beringia: A. 1 million years ago B. 50,000 years ago C. 20,000 years ago D. 12,500 years ago Answer

C

8 of 501.0 Points Based on the fossil record, one key feature lacking in the Neandertal face but present in anatomically modern human beings is a: A. supraorbital ridge B. sagittal keel C. chin D. projecting nose Answer

C

19 of 501.0 Points The bone tools from the Katanda sites in Zaire are significant because they show: A. that the stone tools of premodern and anatomically modern human beings are virtually identical B. that the stone tools of the first anatomically modern human beings are far more sophisticated and advanced than those of their premodern ancestors C. the earliest anatomically modern humans relied on bone rather than stone for their tools D. a sophisticated tool making technology 90,000 years ago and associated with anatomically modern humans Answer

D

21 of 501.0 Points The archaeological site of Arcy-sur-Cure is significant as a place where: A. the oldest cave paintings have been found B. the first Venus figurines were found C. anatomically modern human beings produced sculptures that depict lunar phases D. it is one of the few sites where Neandertals are known to have produced items of personal adornment Answer

D

23 of 501.0 Points More than 75,000 years ago, the inhabitants of Blombos Cave: A. painted realistic depictions of the animals on which they depended for their subsistence B. sculpted depictions of pregnant women C. engraved outlines of human beings on the walls of the cave D. made beads of perforated mollusk shells Answer

D

28 of 501.0 Points In terms of the subsistence base, quite clearly when compared to that of the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Ages, the Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone Ages: A. focused to a far greater degree on coastal resources B. was generally broader, with a far larger mix of large mammal species hunted C. focused to a far greater degree on birds D. all of the above Answer

D

31 of 501.0 Points The first cave paintings are associated with: A. premodern human beings B. the Neandertals C. the first anatomically modern human beings D. anatomically modern human beings Answer

D

37 of 501.0 Points We know that at least some of the exploration of the Pacific conducted by people hundreds and even thousands of years before the Europeans explored it had been intentional because: A. these people left a written record of their exploits B. oral traditions examined in the late nineteenth century documented their early explorations C. the islands of the Pacific are so small and far apart D. the settlers brought with them the people and materials necessary for a successful colonization of new territories Answer

D

4 of 501.0 Points The Levallois stone tool manufacturing strategy was to: A. produce a symmetrical core tool B. produce a series of long, thin, blades C. produce so-called fluted spear points D. remove a series of flakes from a carefully prepared core Answer

D

42 of 501.0 Points What material provided the radiocarbon date for Paisley 5 Mile Point Caves: A. woolly mammoth bone with butchering marks B. basketry fragments C. charcoal in a fireplace D. human coprolites Answer

D

43 of 501.0 Points How do we know that the mastodon found at the Manis site in Washington State had been killed by human hunters: A. pieces of undigested meat were found in human coprolites at the site B. the bones were found in a fireplace C. there were extensive butchering marks on the bone, all made by stone tools D. a bone projectile point was found embedded in one of the animal's ribs Answer

D

50 of 501.0 Points Paleoindian subsistence can be best characterized as: A. big game hunting B. marine mammal hunting C. horticulture D. broad spectrum Answer

D

6 of 501.0 Points The stereotype of the Neandertals as primitive and ape-like: A. is now known to be a rather accurate portrayal of this extinct hominin B. was based on the mixing of its bones with those of an ancient ape by an early analyst C. resulted from a late-nineteenth-century fossil hoax D. resulted from a preconception of what an ancient human ancestor should look like Answer

D

10 of 501.0 Points Musculoskeletal hypertrophy refers to: A. a disease seen in Neandertal fossils in which the bones of the skeleton have atrophied as a result of malnutrition B. the great size and strength of Neandertal anatomy C. imperfections in tooth enamel seen in Neandertal skeletons and resulting from malnutrition D. a genetic condition leading to great height, seen commonly in Neandertal skeletons Answer

B

12 of 501.0 Points The Mousterian technology focused on the production of: A. core tools B. precisely made flake tools C. long, thin blades D. bifacially retouched projectile points Answer

B

13 of 501.0 Points Archaeologist John Shea's analysis of impact wear on some Mousterian tools indicates that these tools were used: A. to harvest wild grain B. as projectiles, probably in hunting C. in ceremonies related to burial of the dead D. all of the above Answer

B

2 of 501.0 Points About how large is the mean cranial capacity of premodern Homo sapiens (excluding the Neandertals): A. 1000 ml B. 1260 ml C. 1550 ml D. 2300 ml Answer

B

26 of 501.0 Points The increased use of exotic raw materials at Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone Age sites when compared to Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age sites is evidence for: A. the origins of social stratification B. an expansion of trading networks C. the origins of a merchant class D. an evolving pattern of craft specialization Answer

B

38 of 501.0 Points The Bering Land Bridge was exposed several times during the Pleistocene. The key time interval relative to its availability to Asian migration into the New World was: A. 75,000-50,000 years ago B. 35,000-11,000 years ago C. 14,000-12,000 years ago D. 12,000-9,000 years ago Answer

B

44 of 501.0 Points Which site may represent a very early habitation of the descendants of settlers who traveled along the coast of Beringia into the New World more than 12,000 and as much as 18,500 years ago: A. Bluefish Caves B. Monte Verde C. Quebrada Tacahuay D. Koster Answer

B

46 of 501.0 Points The ancestors of the people who lived at Monte Verde likely arrived there from Beringia by: A. an interior route B. a coastal route C. the Amazon D. helicopter Answer

B

47 of 501.0 Points What or who was the subject of the week 7 video posted in your Unit 2 lesson? A. the Neandertals B. the recreation of a 10,000 year-old Mesolithic dwelling C. radiocarbon dating D. Charles Darwin Answer

B

14 of 501.0 Points Comparing the caves inhabited by Neandertals and anatomically modern human beings in the Middle East, archaeologist John Shea found: A. no evidence of hunting tools in the Neandertal sites B. evidence of bows and arrows at the Neandertal sites C. more spear points at the Neandertal sites than in those produced by contemporary, anatomically modern human beings D. fluted points at the Neandertal sites but not the sites of anatomically modern humans Answer

C

15 of 501.0 Points The practice of ceremonial interment of the dead can be traced: A. no further back than the earliest anatomically modern human beings in Europe B. to Homo erectus C. to the Neandertals D. to Homo habilis Answer

C

20 of 501.0 Points For child development researcher Jean Piaget, the first scribblings of young children: A. express secret fears B. express secret wishes C. are pure play D. develop motor skills Answer

C

22 of 501.0 Points Early evidence of the use of raw materials used in artistic expression has been found at Qafzeh Cave, in Israel, in the form of: A. clay nodules B. tempera C. red ochre D. all of the above Answer

C

25 of 501.0 Points In the Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone Ages, the subsistence base: A. shifted from hunting to a reliance on gathered plant foods B. narrowed to a few very productive foods C. broadened to include a greater range of plants and animals D. expanded to include the earliest domesticated plants and animals Answer

C

29 of 501.0 Points The spear-thrower, an invention of the Upper Paleolithic, worked: A. by using the stored energy in a bent sapling to throw a spear B. much in the way a slingshot does C. by effectively increasing the length of the thrower's arm D. by ingeniously using the force of gravity to propel a spear downhill Answer

C

3 of 501.0 Points Which of the following specimens are considered to be premodern Homo sapiens: A. Lucy, the Nariokotome Boy, and Tepexpan Man B. A.L. 444-2, ER3733, and Jinniushan Man C. Steinheim, Ndutu, and Narmada D. Cro Magnon and Kennewick Answer

C

30 of 501.0 Points In the vast majority of the instances where grave goods were found in association with Neandertal burials, such goods were: A. items of personal adornment B. animal pelts C. small tools and animal bones D. there are no grave goods found with Neandertal burials Answer

C

32 of 501.0 Points Detailed analyses of the so-called Venus figurines shows that: A. almost all are depictions of obese, probably pregnant young women, implying that the figurines were symbols of fertility B. most are, in actuality, depictions of males C. they depict a wide range of women, similar to the range of women in a living population D. most are of aged women, suggesting that Upper Paleolithic society highly valued women Answer

C

33 of 501.0 Points The earliest settlement of Australia occurred how long ago: A. after 12,000 years B. after 20,000 years C. before 40,000 years D. before 100,000 years Answer

C