Anthropology
what are epiphyses?
growth plates
what are osteons?
holes in bones that carry blood supply
how old is a male with a completely open sagittal suture?
less than 32
how old is a female with a completely open sagittal suture?
less than 35
what is the youngest age that the basilar suture will close in females?
14
what is the youngest age that the basilar suture will close in males?
16
what general age is a person considered to be if the basilar suture is open?
18 or younger
how many bones are in the average adult?
206
how old is a male with a completely closed sagittal suture?
26 or older
how old is a female with a completely closed sagittal suture?
29 or older
how many bones does a human have at birth?
450
where are the smallest bones in the body located?
ear
for which gender is the chin pointed?
female
which gender has more rounded orbitals?
female
which gender sometimes has a longer index finger than third finger?
female
which sex has a ventral arc present?
female
which sex has a wider pubic body?
female
which sex has a wider subpubic angle?
female
what are the long bones?
femur, tibia, humerus, radius, and ulna
what is the best bone to use when estimating height?
long bones
for which gender are crests and ridges more pronounced?
male
for which gender does the forehead have a greater slope?
male
for which gender is the chin round?
male
for which gender is the mastoid process wide and robust?
male
which gender has rectangular orbitals?
male
which gender sometimes has a shorter index finger than third finger?
male
in which sex is it more common to have an extra rib?
males
what is the best data to use when studying a skeleton?
metric
which race has a nasal index between 0.48 and 0.53?
mongoloid
which race has a parabolic palate?
mongoloid
which race has a rounded nasal aperture?
mongoloid
which race has pointed mandibles?
mongoloid
which race has rounded orbitals?
mongoloid
which race has wide zygomatic arches?
mongoloid
which race has a nasal index greater than 0.53?
negroid
which race has a rectangular palate?
negroid
which race has a wide nasal aperture?
negroid
which race has long bones that are longer and have less curvature and greater density?
negroid
which race has more pronounced zygomatic arches?
negroid
which race has square orbitals?
negroid
are index finger lengths often used as an indicator of gender?
no
what type of indicators are primarily used to determine race?
non-metric
how old is a male with all three major sutures completely closed?
over 35
how old is a female with all three major sutures completely closed?
over 50
what is the best bone to use when estimating sex?
pelvis
at what age is sex very difficult to predict?
pre-adolescence
where are the short bones located?
wrist and ankle
who created the body farm?
Bill Bass
what parts make up the biological profile?
age range, ancestry, height, sex
what is the function of epiphyses?
allow for growth
where are the epiphyses found?
at the end of bones
which race has a long and narrow nasal aperture?
caucasoid
which race has a nasal index of less than 0.48?
caucasoid
which race has a triangular palate?
caucasoid
which race has narrow mandibles?
caucasoid
which race has narrow zygomatic arches?
caucasoid
which race has oval orbitals?
caucasoid
what is the pattern of human osteons?
chaotic
what is the last bone to fuse in the body?
clavicle
what is the pattern of animal osteons?
regular
what is the best bone to use when estimating age?
skull
what is the best bone to use when estimating ancestry?
skull
which bones are the flat bones?
skull bones, scapula, sternum, hip bone, and ribs
what is a diaphysis?
the shaft that makes up most of a bone's length
which bones are the irregular bones?
vertebrae and some skull bones
