Anthropology Exam 2 (27 questions from discussion review game)

Cline

What is formed from the distribution of skin pigmentation from the poles to equator?

What is Pagenesis?

It claimed that an organism's physical traits are passed on from one generation to the next in the form of blended particles.

Who is associated with Transformational Evolution?

Jean Baptiste Lamarck.

What are mutations called when they neither help nor harm an organism?

Neutral Mutations.

What is Genetic Drift?

Random changes in gene frequencies from one generation to the next due to a sudden reduction in population size and resulting in the loss of particular alleles.

Phenotypic Plasticity.

Skin tanning is an example of what?

Primates, among other binocular animals, possess a form of vision which produces depth perception. What is it called?

Stereoscopic Vision

What is the Theory of Common Ancestry?

The claim that similar species are descended from a common ancestor.

What is the Phylogenetic Species Concept?

The concept that defines a species on the basis of a set of unique features (Morphological and Genetic) that distinguish its members from other, related species.

1. Birute Galdikas 2. Jane Goodall 3. Dian Fossey

Who are the 3 most famous women in Anthropology?

What are 3 reasons why IQ tests cannot prove racial differences in intelligence?

1. The idea races posses distinct measurable traits are false. 2. The Difference in cultural knowledge rather than intelligence. 3. IQ scores even out when social class and education background are shared.

Primates

According to Taxonomic Nomenclature, Homo Sapien Sapien belong to what Order?

Who is the father of Biological Classification?

Carolus Linnaeus.

Mendelian Inheritance.

Nonblending, single parents, describe what?

What Anthropoids are found in Central and South America?

Platyrrhini (New World Monkeys).

What group of monkeys does not compete with Anthropoids for resources?

Prosimians.

What is a fertilized egg that receives a different allele from each parent for the same trait?

Heterozygous.

What is Evolutionary Theory based on?

Observations of the natural world.

Who is "Fit" in terms of Darwinian Evolution?

Those who successfully reproduce and replace themselves.

What is a Tarsier?

Was previously known as a Strepsirrhine/Prosimian but is now classified as a Haplorhine.

1. Kingdom 6. Suborder 2. Phylum 7. Infraorder 3. Class 8. Superfamily 4. Order 9. Genus 5. Semiorder 10. Species

What are the levels in the Inclusive Hierarchy?

Race is biologically meaningless.

What does it mean if humanity cannot be divided into a series of genetically distinct units?

The shaping of a useful feature of an organism by natural selection to perform one function and the later reshaping of it by different pressures to perform a new function.

What is Exaptation?

The slow, gradual transformation of a single species over time until it is transformed enough to be designated a new species.

What is Phyletic Gradualism?

When species are normally subdivided into populations that are more or less scattered and that may be separated at one time but may merge together again and successfully reproduce at a later time.

What is Reticulation?

Biological Species Concept

What is the concept that defines a species as a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others) that occupies a specific niche in nature?

Siamangs and Gibbons.

Which 2 Brachiators have the characteristics of longer arms and fingers

Georges Cuvier.

Who is the father of Paleontology and was first associated with modern anatomy?

Charles Lyell.

Who is the geologist that was a uniformitarian and argued against catastrophism?

Gregor Mendel.

Who was the father of genetics?